( gene rearrangement-positive small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is extremely rare. A 73-year-old man was diagnosed with SCLC. Standard treatments were not effective.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPatients undergoing lung resection may be at risk of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) and silent aspiration following surgery. Defining high-risk patients may lead to prevention strategies for silent aspiration and subsequent exacerbation of underlying pulmonary disease. A pilot study of 50 patients was performed to investigate postoperative gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) symptoms and the pepsin concentration in saliva.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPatients with lung cancer complicated by interstitial pneumonia (IP) often lose treatment options early owing to acute exacerbation of IP concerns. Carbon-ion radiotherapy (CIRT) can provide superior tumor control and low toxicity at high dose concentrations. We conducted a retrospective analysis of the efficacy and tolerability of a single-fraction CIRT using 50 Gy for IP-complicated lung cancer.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Dexamethasone, remdesivir, and baricitinib reduce mortality in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). A single-arm study using combination therapy with all three drugs reported low mortality in patients with severe COVID-19. In this clinical setting, whether dexamethasone administered as a fixed dose of 6 mg has sufficient inflammatory modulation effects of reducing lung injury has been debated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjectives: This study aims to create and validate a useful score system predicting the hyper-inflammatory conditions of COVID-19, by comparing it with the modified H-score.
Methods: A total of 98 patients with pneumonia (without oxygen therapy) who received initial administration of casirivimab/imdevimab or remdesivir were included in the study. The enrolled patients were divided into two groups: patients who required corticosteroid due to deterioration of pneumonia, assessed by chest X-ray or CT or respiratory failure, and those who did not, and clinical parameters were compared.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med
September 2022
Although persistent fibroblast activation is a hallmark of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), mechanisms regulating persistent fibroblast activation in the lungs have not been fully elucidated. On the basis of our observation that lung fibroblasts express TBXA2R (thromboxane-prostanoid receptor) during fibrosis, we investigated the role of TBXA2R signaling in fibrotic remodeling. We identified TBXA2R expression in lungs of patients with IPF and mice and studied primary mouse and human lung fibroblasts to determine the impact of TBXA2R signaling on fibroblast activation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The effectiveness of combination therapy for COVID-19 pneumonia remains unclear. We evaluated favipiravir, camostat, and ciclesonide combination therapy in patients with moderate COVID-19 pneumonia.
Methods: In this open-label phase 3 study, hospitalized adults who were positive for SARS-CoV-2 and had COVID-19 pneumonia were enrolled prior to official vaccination drive in Japan.
Although previous studies have revealed that elevated D-dimer in the early stage of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) indicates pulmonary intravascular coagulation, the state of coagulation/fibrinolysis disorder with normal D-dimer is unknown. The study aimed to investigate how coagulation/fibrinolysis markers affect severe respiratory failure in the early stage of COVID-19. Among 1043 patients with COVID-19, 797 patients were included in our single-center retrospective study.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The RECOVERY clinical trial reported that 6 mg of dexamethasone once daily for up to 10 days reduces the 28-day mortality in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) receiving respiratory support. In our clinical setting, a fixed dose of dexamethasone has prompted the question of whether inflammatory modulation effects sufficiently reduce lung injury. Therefore, preliminary verification on the possibility of predicted body weight (PBW)-based dexamethasone therapy was conducted in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Although high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) oxygen treatment has been frequently used in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients with acute respiratory failure after the 3rd wave of the pandemic in Japan, the usefulness of the indicators of ventilator avoidance, including respiratory rate-oxygenation (ROX) index and other parameters, namely oxygen saturation/fraction of inspired oxygen ratio and respiratory rate (RR), remain unclear.
Methods: Between January and May 2021, our institution treated 189 COVID-19 patients with respiratory failure requiring oxygen, among which 39 patients requiring HFNC treatment were retrospectively analyzed. The group that switched from HFNC treatment to conventional oxygen therapy (COT) was defined as the HFNC success group, and the group that switched from HFNC treatment to a ventilator was defined as the HFNC failure group.
Background: Although several studies have reported an association between atherosclerosis-related diseases and COVID-19, the relationship between COVID-19 severity and atherosclerosis progression remains unclear. The aim of this study is to determine the coronary artery calcium score (CACS) prognostic value in patients with COVID-19 using indices such as deterioration in oxygenation and CT images of the chest.
Methods: This was a single-centre retrospective study of 53 consecutive patients with COVID-19 in Narita who were admitted to our hospital between March 2020 and August 2020.
A majority of mesothelioma specimens were defective of p14 and p16 expression due to deletion of the INK4A/ARF region, and the p53 pathway was consequently inactivated by elevated MDM2 functions which facilitated p53 degradaton. We investigated a role of p53 elevation by MDM2 inhibitors, nutlin-3a and RG7112, in cytotoxicity of replication-competent adenoviruses (Ad) lacking the p53-binding E1B55kDa gene (Ad-delE1B). We found that a growth inhibition by p53-activating Ad-delE1B was irrelevant to p53 expression in the infected cells, but combination of Ad-delE1B and the MDM2 inhibitor produced synergistic inhibitory effects on mesothelioma with the wild-type but not mutated p53 genotype.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLung cancer with oncogenic KRAS makes up a significant proportion of lung cancers and is accompanied by a poor prognosis. Recent advances in understanding the molecular pathogenesis of lung cancer with oncogenic KRAS have enabled the development of drugs, yet mutated KRAS remains undruggable. We performed small-molecule library screening and identified verteporfin, a yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) inhibitor; verteporfin treatment markedly reduced cell viability in KRAS-mutant lung cancer cells in vitro and suppressed KRAS-driven lung tumorigenesis in vivo.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNovel trispirocyclotriphosphazenes with oxaphosphorine rings (DOP-PZs) were successfully synthesized by an Appel reaction with phosphoramide, which was prepared from ammonia and 10-chloro-9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide derived from 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide, generally abbreviated as DOPO. The resulting DOP-PZs were characterized by H, C{H}, and P{H} nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and time-of-flight mass spectrometry and shown to consist of isomers. Moreover, the crystal and molecular structures of the DOP-PZs were determined by X-ray diffraction; - and -DOP-PZs (CHNOP, = 639.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe differential diagnosis of reactive mesothelial hyperplasia and mesothelioma is difficult. We present a rare case of diffuse pleural thickening with thoracic contraction that was indistinguishable from mesothelioma. A 66-year-old woman with no history of asbestos exposure visited our hospital with a complaint of dyspnea.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAims: Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive malignancy with poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Cisplatin plus pemetrexed is the only approved first-line treatment for patients with unresectable MPM. Recently, promising outcomes were observed with first-line bevacizumab combined with cisplatin/pemetrexed, leading to the recommendation of this regimen as a first-line treatment option for patients with MPM.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) of cytologic material is widely performed because it provides clinicians with instant diagnostic information. However, the utility of ROSE of touch imprint cytology (ROSE-TIC) during transbronchial biopsy (TBB) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of ROSE-TIC for TBB.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA majority of mesothelioma had the wild-type p53 genotype but was defective of p53 functions primarily due to a genetic defect in INK4A/ARF region. We examined a growth suppressive activity of CP-31398 which was developed to restore the p53 functions irrespective of the genotype in mesothelioma with wild-type or mutated p53. CP-31398 up-regulated p53 levels in cells with wild-type p53 genotype but induced cell growth suppression in a p53-independent manner.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Some patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have asthma-like features. However, there have been few reports on the structural lung abnormalities found in this patient population. Multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) can detect emphysematous low-attenuation areas (LAA) within the lung, airway thickness (wall area percentage, WA%), and the loss of pulmonary vasculature as the percentage of small pulmonary vessels with cross-sectional area (CSA) less than 5 mm2 (%CSA<5).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDramatic progress in targeted therapy and immunotherapy has been changing clinical practices in lung cancer. With the accumulation of clinical practice, it has become clear that pre-existing interstitial pneumonia (IP) could be a risk factor for drug-induced lung injury, which has enhanced awareness regarding the difficulty in treating lung cancer with comorbid IP. Unfortunately, there is only low-grade evidence in the field of lung cancer with comorbid IP, because almost all clinical trials exclude such patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF