Comparative and experimental pathology of passaged Newcastle disease virus isolates in ducks.

Although waterfowl are less susceptible to Newcastle disease (ND) virus (NDV) infection compared with chickens and turkeys, lethal ND in waterfowl has been sporadically reported. Factors underlying the high pathogenicity of certain NDV strains in waterfowl remain unclear. In ducks, the NDV 9a5b isolate shows low pathogenicity while the d5a20b isolate shows high pathogenicity.

Imaging of a subcutaneous abscessation in the back of a calf with hindlimb paralysis.

Background: Ultrasonography is not chosen as the common imaging modality to diagnose spinal cord diseases. The present report indicates good diagnostic efficacy of ultrasonography for identifying spinal cord compressed by subcutaneous mass when scanning through the defected vertebral laminae and spinous process.

Case Description: A five-month-old female Holstein calf presented with progressive hindlimb paralysis following a surgical resection of a back mass conducted at 21 days of age.

Case report: Imaging of septic arthritis in the hip joint of a calf treated with femoral head ostectomy.

A 24-day-old male Japanese Black calf presented with weight-bearing lameness in the left hind limb and a swollen pelvis. Ultrasonography revealed the accumulation of fluidity materials with a mixture of hyper- and hypo-echogenicity, enclosed by 5-10-mm-thick capsular structures. On the ventral-dorsal radiograph of the pelvis, irregular and radiolucent osseous changes were evident in the femoral head and acetabulum within the swollen hip joint, with soft-tissue density.

Case report: Diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary choristoma in a newborn calf.

A 4-day-old female Holstein calf presented with a large-sized, protruding mass in its back, at birth. Radiography identified the deformed spinous process in the second and third lumbar vertebras, suggesting spina bifida. Ultrasonography of the back mass revealed anechoic bronchi-like structures and large vessels with rich blood flow running parallel within the homogenous echogenic mass's parenchyma.

Rhabdomyosarcoma of the tongue in a neonatal calf.

A newborn male Holstein calf developed a nodular enlargement at the tip of the tongue. Histopathological examination of the mass revealed predominant proliferating small, round, spindloid or polygonal neoplastic cells with scattered myoblast- and myotube-like cells and multinuclear giant cells. Phosphotungstic acid haematoxylin staining revealed cytoplasmic cross-striations in a few neoplastic cells.

Wavy changes in the whiskers of domestic cats are correlated with feline leukemia virus infection.

Background: Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) is a retrovirus with global impact on the health of domestic cats and is usually examined by serology. In our daily clinical practice, we noticed that cats infected with FeLV often possess wavy whiskers (sinus hairs on the face). To investigate the relationship between wavy whiskers (WW) and FeLV infection, the association between the presence or absence of wavy changes in whiskers and serological FeLV infection was examined in a total of 358 cats including 56 cats possessing WW, using the chi-square test.

Comparison of Characterization in Two-Dimensional and Three-Dimensional Canine Mammary Gland Tumor Cell Models.

Background: Canine mammary gland tumors can be used as predictive models for human breast cancer. There are several types of microRNAs common in human breast cancer and canine mammary gland tumors. The functions of microRNAs in canine mammary gland tumors are not well understood.

A case of malignant melanoma, a possible primary site in the digit, with systemic metastasis in a mini-Rex.

We report a case of systemic metastasis of malignant melanoma in a mini-Rex (Oryctolagus cuniculus). The animal presented with lameness of the right hind limb, swelling of popliteal lymph node, and a black mass on the first digit. Paralysis of hindlimbs and forelimbs, dysuria, and dysphagia progressed over time, and the rabbit died on day 35 from the first visit.

Expression of L-type amino acid transporter 1 in canine and feline intracranial tumors.

L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) is upregulated in various malignant tumors in humans. LAT1 expression correlates with the grade of cancer and prognosis. LAT1 is responsible for the supply of many essential amino acids to cancer cells.

Case Report: Ultrasonography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Anterior Segment Dysgenesis in a Calf.

This study includes diagnostic efficacy of the antemortem, combined use of ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the diagnosis of anterior segment dysgenesis. A 7-day-old male Holstein calf presented with progressive unilateral exophthalmos associated with enlargement of the right eyeball soon after birth. Ultrasonography of the enlarged right eyeball showed (1) a 2-cm-thick echogenic parenchymal lesion filling the anterior region of the right eyeball, (2) excess accumulation of the anechoic vitreous humor, and (3) absence of the lens structure.

Detection of squamous cell carcinoma of presumed pancreatic origin and its metastasis in a spotted seal (Phoca largha) using ultrasonography and computed tomography.

A 21-year-old female spotted seal (Phoca largha), with a swollen abdomen, had a five-month history of anorexia and vomiting. Ultrasonography revealed an extended mass with central necrotic foci in the right cranial abdomen. Computed tomography revealed an abdominal mass with a low-density central lumen and a pulmonary nodular lesion.

Ophthalmic findings in a septic calf with the concurrent exhibition of meningitis and endophthalmitis.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impacts of ophthalmic findings obtained from both macroscopic examination and ocular ultrasonography when diagnosing bovine endophthalmitis. A newborn crossbreed (Japanese black and Holstein breeds) calf was suspected of visual impairment and central nervous system (CNS) symptoms, such as decreased activity and weak drinking performance. This calf was found to display macroscopic signs, such as clouded lens, convergent strabismus, and horizontal nystagmus, in both eyes.

Unique histological features of the tail skin of cotton rat () related to caudal autotomy.

Caudal autotomy in rodents is an evolutionarily acquired phenomenon enabling escape from predators, by discarding the tail skin after traumatic injuries. The histological mechanisms underlying caudal autotomy seem to differ among species. Cotton rats (), which are important laboratory rodents for human infectious diseases, possess a fragile tail.

Triple nostrils in a calf.

Background: Nasal abnormalities are rare in bovines. In humans, nasal deformities are mainly classified as proboscis lateralis or supernumerary nostrils. This report discusses the etiology of triple nostrils in a calf, based on computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and endoscopy.

A Pilot Study on Efficacy of Lipid Bubbles for Theranostics in Dogs with Tumors.

The combined administration of microbubbles and ultrasound (US) is a promising strategy for theranostics, i.e., a combination of therapeutics and diagnostics.

Ultrasonography of sudden swollen tongue in a calf.

Background: In cattle, the lingual diseases are primarily diagnosed postmortem by histopathological examination of the affected tongues obtained after the death or during necropsy. In humans, ultrasonography has been used to provide differential diagnoses, and for preoperative or intraoperative planning of glossectomy in various lingual diseases. This is a bovine clinical case report, in which ultrasonography for sudden swelling of the tongue, which was possibly caused by snake bite, was utilized as a preoperative indication to perform a glossectomy.

Temporal analysis of histopathology and cytokine expression in the rat cerebral cortex after insulin-induced hypoglycemia.

Hypoglycemic coma causes neuronal death in the cerebral neocortex; however, its unclear pathogenesis prevents the establishment of preventive measures. Inflammation plays a pivotal role in neuronal damage in the hypoglycemic state; however, the dynamics of glial cell activation or cytokine expression remain unknown. Here, we aimed to elucidate the spatiotemporal morphological changes of microglia and time-course cytokine expression profiles in the rat cerebral cortex after hypoglycemic coma.

Imaging and pathological findings of intramedullary inflammatory pseudotumour in a miniature dachshund: a case report.

Background: Inflammatory pseudotumours (IPTs) are distinctive lesions consisting of myofibroblastic spindle cells and a variety of inflammatory cells. The aetiology of IPTs is unknown. Reports of IPTs in veterinary medicine have been scarse.

Diagnostic efficacy of imaging and biopsy methods for peritoneal mesothelioma in a calf.

Background: Peritoneal mesothelioma is a rare abdominal disease; that occasionally occurs congenitally in younger calves. Cytologic examination of peritoneal effusion (PE) was utilized to diagnose this disease, and was not diagnostic. Diagnostic accuracy has been elevated by recent use of ultrasonography (US), despite most diagnoses have been obtained post-mortem in slaughter houses or during clinical necropsy.

Histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis of the cerebral white matter after transient hypoglycemia in rat.

Patients with hypoglycemic coma show abnormal signals in the white matter on magnetic resonance imaging. However, the precise pathological changes in the white matter caused by hypoglycemic coma remain unclear in humans and experimental animals. This study aimed to reveal the distribution and time course of histopathological and immunohistochemical changes occurring in the white matter during the early stages of hypoglycemic coma in rats.

Age-related glomerular lesions with albuminuria in male cotton rats.

The increased prevalence of aging-related chronic kidney disease (CKD) among humans is a problem worldwide. Aged cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus) are considered novel model animals for studying CKD, especially as the females develop severe tubulointerstitial lesions with anemia. To investigate the renal pathologic features in aged male cotton rats and their characteristic glomerular injuries, the animals were divided into young, adult, old-aged, and advanced-aged groups (1-4, 5-8, 9-12, and 13-17 months, respectively) and pathologically analyzed.

Slc:Wistar/ST rats develop unilateral thyroid dysgenesis: A novel animal model of thyroid hemiagenesis.

Developmental anomalies of the thyroid gland lead to congenital malformations such as thyroglossal duct cysts and thyroid dysgenesis. However, the pathogenesis of thyroid dysgenesis remains unclear due to the lack of suitable animal models. This study demonstrated that Slc:Wistar/ST rats frequently developed unilateral thyroid dysgenesis, including hemiagenesis, characterized by the absence of one lobe.

Efficacy of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid in Photodynamic Detection and Photodynamic Therapy in Veterinary Medicine.

5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), a commonly used photosensitizer in photodynamic detection (PDD) and therapy (PDT), is converted in situ to the established photosensitizer protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) via the heme biosynthetic pathway. To extend 5-ALA-PDT application, we evaluated the PpIX fluorescence induced by exogenous 5-ALA in various veterinary tumors and treated canine and feline tumors. 5-ALA-PDD sensitivity and specificity in the whole sample group for dogs and cats combined were 89.

Symmetric undivided diplopagus with cardiac malformation in a Japanese wild boar (Sus scrofa leucomystax).

A captured Japanese wild boar (Sus scrofa leucomystax) fetus was dicephalic. The fetus had two heads, but one body from the cranial neck region. Computed tomography imaging revealed that the two crania merged at the occipital bone, and the vertebral bodies between the atlas and the seventh thoracic vertebra were deformed.