Water conservation behavior: Exploring the role of social, psychological, and behavioral determinants.

Water conservation is vital to safeguard future water availability when natural resources like water become extremely scarce. It is fundamental to understand the significant determinants of water conservation activities which can also facilitate the implementation of appropriate policies for water demand management. Thus, the goal of this study was to determine the important social, psychological, and behavioral factors of water conservation behavior.

Efficient treatment of ammonia-nitrogen contaminated waters by nano zero-valent iron/zeolite composite.

The aim of the present study is developing a magnetic nanoscale zero-valent iron/zeolite (nZVI/Z) composite towards the efficient removal of ammonia-nitrogen (NH-N) from aqueous solutions. Series of batch experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of different factors on the removal efficiency, including pH effect, aerobic/anaerobic, NH-N initial concentration, and temperature. The mixing mass ratio of nZVI/Z was optimized to reach the optimal ratio (0.

Encapsulation of iron nanoparticles with magnesium hydroxide shell for remarkable removal of ciprofloxacin from contaminated water.

The rapid evolution of antimicrobial resistant genes (AMRs) in water resources is well correlated to the persistent occurrence of ciprofloxacin in water. For the first time, encapsulated nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI) with a shell of magnesium hydroxide (Mg/Fe) was used to adsorb ciprofloxacin from water. Optimization of the removal conditions exhibited that 5% was the optimum mass ratio between magnesium hydroxide and nZVI [Mg(OH)/nZVI)] as more than 96% of 100 mg L of ciprofloxacin was removed.

Multi-objective optimization of permeable reactive barrier design for Cr(VI) removal from groundwater.

The present study aims to develop a practical approach for the optimal permeable reactive barrier (PRB) design towards Cr(VI) removal from groundwater. Batch and column experiments were performed to investigate the characteristics of the four proposed reactive materials; nanoscale zero-valent iron (Fe), bimetallic nanoscale zero-valent iron (Fe/Cu), activated carbon (AC) and sand/zeolite mixture (S/Z). Kinetic analysis and dynamic modeling of the experimental data were implemented to determine the controlling conditions of the reactive performance of the PRB's materials.

Magnetic zeolite synthesis for efficient removal of cesium in a lab-scale continuous treatment system.

Radioactive cesium was resealed to the environment as a result of many nuclear incidents. An effective treatment system is urgently needed to safely handle radioactive cesium-contaminated waters. Based on nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI) and zeolite, nine adsorbents were synthesized and applied to remove cesium from aqueous solutions.

Chronology of the extant African elephant species and case study of the species identification of the small African elephant with the molecular phylogenetic method.

Despite vigorous genetic studies of African elephants (Loxodonta africana and L. cyclotis) during the last decade, their evolutionary history is still obscure. Phylogenetic studies and coalescence time estimation using longer nucleotide sequence data from denser samplings are necessary to better understand the natural history of African elephants.