Royal jelly enhances antigen-specific mucosal IgA response.

The effective uptake of antigens (Ags) by specialized M cells of gut-associated lymphoid tissues is an important step in inducing an efficient intestinal mucosal immune response. In this study, royal jelly (RJ) was found to stimulate the differentiation of M-like cells from human Caco-2 cells in an in vitro M cell model. Furthermore, RJ and protease-treated royal jelly (pRJ) efficiently enhanced transcytosis of FluoSpheres carboxylate-modified microspheres from the apical side to the basolateral side in the model.

[Patient with posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome with prolonged disturbance of consciousness and convulsion after cerebral aneurysm surgery].

A 73-year-old patient developed convulsion and prolonged disturbance of consciousness after clipping surgery for unruptured cerebral aneurysm. The patient's consciousness improved four days after surgery, and radiological findings suggested posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES). The cause of PRES is thought to be dysfunction of blood brain barrier by a sudden increase in blood pressure.

[Comparison of BIS and Ramsay score for evaluation of sedation with propofol in ICU].

Background: BIS has not been evaluated for sedation in ICU. We examined BIS for evaluation of sedation with propofol in ICU.

Methods: Eighteen male patients undergoing head and neck surgery (ASA-PS 1 x 2 and age<75 years) were randomly allocated to one of two groups receiving postoperative sedation with propofol in ICU.

[Anesthetic management of a patient with suspected pseudothrombocytopenia].

A 74-year-old male was operated for sigmoid colon cancer. Because of an agglutination of the patient's platelet, it was difficult to measure his platelet count under ethylene diamine tetra acetate (EDTA), heparin or citrate as anticoagulants with an automated cell counter. Even though there was a strong possibility of pseudothrombocytopenia, anesthetic management for the patient was safely conducted.