In Situ Single-phase Formation of LaCl(CN) Mixed-Anion Compound Via Controlled Pyrolysis of La Modified Melamine Precursor.

Nitride (N) or cyanamide (CN) based mixed-anion compounds stand as attractive materials due to their unique properties derived from the binary or multiple anions, although their synthesis remains challenging in incorporating the N or CN anions safely. This work highlights the first demonstration of in situ single phase formation of a LaCl(CN) mixed-anion compound from a stable single source precursor, melamine modified with LaCl preparable under aqueous conditions. The in situ formation of LaCl(CN) involves the chemical modification of melamine with LaCl to form a complex.

Novel Lewis Acid-Base Interactions in Polymer-Derived Sodium-Doped Amorphous Si-B-N Ceramic: Towards Main-Group-Mediated Hydrogen Activation.

Interest is growing in transition metal-free compounds for small molecule activation and catalysis. We discuss the opportunities arising from synthesizing sodium-doped amorphous silicon-boron-nitride (Na-doped a-SiBN). Na cations and 3-fold coordinated B moieties were incorporated into an amorphous silicon nitride network via chemical modification of a polysilazane followed by pyrolysis in ammonia (NH) at 1000 °C.

Encapsulating Nickel-Iron Alloy Nanoparticles in a Polysilazane-Derived Microporous Si-C-O-N-Based Support to Stimulate Superior OER Activity.

The in situ confinement of nickel (Ni)-iron (Fe) nanoparticles (NPs) in a polymer-derived microporous silicon carboxynitride (Si-C-O-N)-based support is investigated to stimulate superior oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity in an alkaline media. Firstly, we consider a commercial polysilazane (PSZ) and Ni and Fe chlorides to be mixed in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and deliver after overnight solvent reflux a series of Ni-Fe : organosilicon coordination polymers. The latter are then heat-treated at 500 °C in flowing argon to form the title compounds.

Downshift of the Ni d band center over Ni nanoparticles confined within an amorphous silicon nitride matrix.

Herein, nanocomposites made of Ni nanoparticles distributed in an amorphous silicon nitride (Ni/a-SiN) matrix, on the one hand, and within an amorphous silicon dioxide (Ni/a-SiO) matrix, on the other hand, were synthesized from the same Ni-modified polysilazane precursor. In both compounds, the Ni/Si atomic ratio (0.06-0.

Identifying the characteristics of patients with stroke who have difficulty benefiting from gait training with the hybrid assistive limb: a retrospective cohort study.

Robot-assisted gait training is effective for walking independence in stroke rehabilitation, the hybrid assistive limb (HAL) is an example. However, gait training with HAL may not be effective for everyone, and it is not clear who is not expected to benefit. Therefore, we aimed to identify the characteristics of stroke patients who have difficulty gaining benefits from gait training with HAL.

Low temperature immobilization of nanoscale fcc and hcp polymorphic nickel particles in polymer-derived Si-C-O-N(H) to promote electrocatalytic water oxidation in alkaline media.

We synthesized nickel (Ni) nanoparticles (NPs) in a high specific surface area (SSA) p-block element-containing inorganic compound prepared the polymer-derived ceramics (PDC) route to dispatch the obtained nanocomposite towards oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The formation of Ni NPs in an amorphous silicon carboxynitride (Si-C-O-N(H)) matrix is allowed by the reactive blending of a polysilazane, NiCl and DMF followed by the subsequent thermolysis of the Ni : organosilicon polymer coordination complex at a temperature as low as 500 °C in flowing argon. The final nanocomposite displays a BET SSA as high as 311 m g while the structure of the NPs corresponds to face-centred cubic (fcc) Ni along with interstitial-atom free (IAF) hexagonal close-packed (hcp) Ni as revealed by XRD.

Early Initiation of Exoskeletal Robotic Gait Training Improves Functional Outcomes in the Patients with Stroke: A Retrospective Observational Study.

Introduction: The effect of early initiation of gait training using hybrid assistive limb (HAL) remains unclear. This observational study aimed to investigate whether early initiation of gait training using HAL improves functional outcomes in patients with stroke.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed patients with acute stroke admitted to our facility.

Effects of gait training with the Hybrid Assistive Limb on gait ability in stroke patients: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials.

The Hybrid Assistive Limb (HAL) is used in training to improve walking ability for stroke patients; however, the quality of the evidence for its effects has not been fully critiqued to date. This study conducted a systematic review of randomized controlled trials to investigate the effectiveness of post-stroke gait training with the HAL. PubMed, the Cochrane Library, the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) were searched for randomized controlled clinical trials evaluating the effect of HAL on gait training in stroke patients, published from the inception of each database until March 2021.

Involvement of the Rostromedial Prefrontal Cortex in Human-Robot Interaction: fNIRS Evidence From a Robot-Assisted Motor Task.

Assistive exoskeleton robots are being widely applied in neurorehabilitation to improve upper-limb motor and somatosensory functions. During robot-assisted exercises, the central nervous system appears to highly attend to external information-processing (IP) to efficiently interact with robotic assistance. However, the neural mechanisms underlying this process remain unclear.

Reductions in Muscle Strength and Range of Motion Cause Locomotion Disability via Locomotion-Related Functional Limitation in Japanese Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Functional issues (impairments, functional limitations, and disabilities) gradually occur with age. Nonetheless, maintaining physical capability may help prevent locomotion disabilities at an older age. The present study aimed to determine whether reductions in muscle strength and range of motion (ROM) cause locomotion disability via locomotion-related functional limitations among healthy older adults.

A systematic review of the usefulness of magnetic resonance imaging in predicting the gait ability of stroke patients.

The usefulness of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in predicting gait ability in stroke patients remains unclear. Therefore, MRI evaluations have not yet been standardized in stroke rehabilitation. We performed a systematic review to consolidate evidence regarding the use of MRIs in predicting gait ability of stroke patients.

Relationship between Mobility-Related Activities of Daily Living and Health-Related Quality of Life among Healthy Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study Using Structural Equation Modeling.

To develop a conceptual model that confirms whether mobility-related activities of daily living (ADLs) abilities are strongly associated with reduced health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in older adults. A total of 153 participants (63 men, 90 women) were analyzed. The mobility-related ADL survey from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan was used.

Decision Tree Algorithm Identifies Stroke Patients Likely Discharge Home After Rehabilitation Using Functional and Environmental Predictors.

Background And Purpose: The importance of environmental factors for stroke patients to achieve home discharge was not scientifically proven. There are limited studies on the application of the decision tree algorithm with various functional and environmental variables to identify stroke patients with a high possibility of home discharge. The present study aimed to identify the factors, including functional and environmental factors, affecting home discharge after stroke inpatient rehabilitation using the machine learning method.

Low temperature formation of cobalt in silicon nitride toward functional nitride nanocomposites.

This work highlights the first demonstration of a low-temperature in situ formation of Co nanocrystallites embedded within an amorphous silicon nitride matrix through careful control of the chemistry behind material design using perhydropolysilazane (PHPS) as a Si3N4 precursor further coordinated with CoCl2 and ammonia as a pyrolysis atmosphere. The Co nucleation was allowed to proceed at temperatures as low as 400 °C via thermal decomposition of Co2N pre-formed in situ by the reaction of CoCl2 with the Si centers of PHPS at the early stage of pyrolysis (220-350 °C).

Efficacy and Safety of Intravitreal Aflibercept Injection in Japanese Patients with Neovascular Glaucoma: Outcomes from the VENERA Study.

Introduction: Neovascular glaucoma is characterized by neovascularization of the iris and anterior angle chamber. Intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents may decrease intraocular pressure (IOP) and improve neovascularization. The VENERA study assessed the efficacy and safety of intravitreal aflibercept (IVT-AFL) in patients with neovascular glaucoma.

Intravitreal Aflibercept in Japanese Patients with Neovascular Glaucoma: The VEGA Randomized Clinical Trial.

Introduction: Neovascular glaucoma is characterized by neovascularization of the iris and the anterior angle chamber. Intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents may improve intraocular pressure (IOP) and neovascularization.

Methods: The VEGA trial assessed the efficacy and safety of intravitreal aflibercept (IVT-AFL) in patients with neovascular glaucoma in a 13-week, randomized, double-masked, sham-controlled, phase 3 study performed at multiple sites in Japan that enrolled patients with anterior segment neovascularization and IOP > 25 mmHg.

Reversible Redox Property of Co(III) in Amorphous Co-doped SiO/γ-AlO Layered Composites.

This paper reports on a unique reversible reducing and oxidizing (redox) property of Co(III) in Co-doped amorphous SiO/γ-AlO composites. The Fenton reaction during the HO-catalyzed sol-gel synthesis utilized in this study lead to the partial formation of Co(III) in addition to Co(II) within the composites. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) analyses for the composite powder sample with a composition of Al:Si:Co = 85:10:5 showed the amorphous state of the Co-doped SiO that modified γ-AlO nanocrystalline surfaces.

Hydrogen Selective SiCH Inorganic-Organic Hybrid/γ-AlO Composite Membranes.

Solar hydrogen production via the photoelectrochemical water-splitting reaction is attractive as one of the environmental-friendly approaches for producing H. Since the reaction simultaneously generates H and O, this method requires immediate H recovery from the syngas including O under high-humidity conditions around 50 °C. In this study, a supported mesoporous γ-AlO membrane was modified with allyl-hydrido-polycarbosilane as a preceramic polymer and subsequently heat-treated in Ar to deliver a ternary SiCH organic-inorganic hybrid/γ-AlO composite membrane.

Development and Validation of Machine Learning-Based Prediction for Dependence in the Activities of Daily Living after Stroke Inpatient Rehabilitation: A Decision-Tree Analysis.

Background And Purpose: Accurate prediction using simple and changeable variables is clinically meaningful because some known-predictors, such as stroke severity and patients age cannot be modified with rehabilitative treatment. There are limited clinical prediction rules (CPRs) that have been established using only changeable variables to predict the activities of daily living (ADL) dependence of stroke patients. This study aimed to develop and assess the CPRs using machine learning-based methods to identify ADL dependence in stroke patients.