Prostaglandin E increases the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in cultured rat microglia.

Prostaglandin E (PGE) plays pivotal roles in controlling microglial activation with the EP receptor, a PGE receptor subtype. Activated microglia are often reported to increase cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression, followed by PGE production, but it is unclear whether extracellular PGE is involved in microglial PGE synthesis. In the present study, we report that PGE increases COX-2 protein in microglia.

The cleft sign may be an independent factor of magnetic resonance imaging findings associated with a delayed return-to-play time in athletes with groin pain.

Purpose: To investigate the prevalence of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings and define prognostic factors of the return-to-play time in young athletes with groin pain.

Methods: A total of 1091 consecutive athletes were retrospectively screened; 651 athletes, aged 16-40 years, with pain in the groin regions were assessed using MRI. Of these athletes, 356 were included for analysing the time to return-to-play.

Prognosis of Incomplete Avulsion of the Proximal Hamstring Tendon Is Determined by the Avulsion Location of the Proximal Hamstring Tendon Footprint.

Objective: To test the hypothesis that prognosis of incomplete avulsion of the proximal hamstring tendon would be worse whether avulsion location reached the proximal part of the conjoined tendon (CJ) footprint or not.

Design: Retrospective chart review.

Setting: Outpatient specialty clinic.

Association between spontaneous ovulation and serum anti-Müllerian hormone levels in a premature ovarian insufficiency patient after a multimodal treatment for breast cancer.

The high toxicity of chemotherapy can damage a patient's gonadal function, leading to premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). Here, we report the case of a patient suffering from POI after chemotherapy for breast cancer, who 3 years later ovulated spontaneously and became pregnant. The patient, a 31-year-old infertile women, nulligravida, was diagnosed with breast cancer.