p-Cresyl sulfate decreases peripheral B cells in mice with adenine-induced renal dysfunction.

Infection is a major cause of mortality in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Although immune dysfunction is a risk factor for infection in CKD patients, its causes are not fully elucidated. In the present study, we evaluated whether p-cresyl sulfate (pCS), an intestinal bacteria-derived uremic toxin, was involved in immune dysfunction in CKD.