Effect of the first-flush phenomenon on the quantification of microplastics in rainwater.

Precipitation of airborne microplastics (MPs) by rainfall is one of the major transport pathways of MPs from land-to-marine. While most studies examining wet precipitation of MPs collect surface runoffs, direct investigations of MPs in rainwater are hardly reported. In this study, high-frequency and direct rainwater sampling methodology considering the first-flush effect was demonstrated.

Technology-assisted reading fluency interventions for students with reading difficulties: evidence from a meta-analytic approach of single case design studies.

Purpose: The purpose of this article was to provide a quantitative review of technology-assisted reading fluency interventions for students with disabilities and select moderator variables that may modify the effects of the interventions.

Materials And Methods: All reviewed 13 studies employed a single-case research design, targeting technology-assisted reading fluency interventions for students with learning disabilities (LDs) or learning difficulties. Studies were descriptively analysed and evaluated for methodological quality.

Insecticide resistance trait may contribute to genetic cluster change in Bemisia tabaci MED (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) as a potential driving force.

Background: Previously, we reported that the majority of the Bemisia tabaci Mediterranean (MED) populations converged from two dominant genetic clusters (cluster 1 and 2) to one (cluster 2) during 1 year in greenhouse tomatoes in Korea. To find possible mechanisms for this phenomenon, we investigated the concurrent changes in resistance traits of the two clusters for three insecticide classes (organophosphate, pyrethroid, and neonicotinoid).

Results: Since the resistance mutation frequencies in regional samples were either high (i.

Comparison of life history parameters of two different genetic clusters of Bemisia tabaci MED (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) through single and cross mating.

Bemisia tabaci Mediterranean (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is an economically important insect pest worldwide. Previously, we have reported that most B. tabaci Mediterranean (MED) populations occurring in greenhouse tomatoes in Korea have been displaced from well-differentiated two genetic clusters (C1 and C2) to one (C2) during one-year period.

Exploring How Initial Response to Instruction Predicts Morphology Outcomes Among Students With Decoding Difficulties.

Children with weak decoding skills often struggle to learn multisyllabic words during reading instruction. The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the extent to which initial response to morphological awareness instruction, along with specific language and cognitive variables (i.e.

Population Genetic Structure of Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in Korea.

Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is a serious polyphagous agricultural pest worldwide. In the present study, we used eight microsatellite markers to investigate the genetic structure and diversity of populations in Korea. Samples were collected from 37 locations in Korea (18 populations in 2016, 14 populations in 2017, and five populations in 2018) from pepper plants.

Population genetic structure of Bemisia tabaci MED (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in Korea.

The sweet potato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is a major agricultural pest that causes economic damages worldwide. In particular, B. tabaci MED (Mediterranean) has resulted in serious economic losses in tomato production of Korea.

Studies on Chemical IR Images of Poly(hydroxybutyrate⁻⁻hydroxyhexanoate)/Poly(ethylene glycol) Blends and Two-Dimensional Correlation Spectroscopy.

Biodegradable poly-[(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate--(R)-3-hydroxyhexanoates] (PHBHx) have been widely studied for their applications in potentially replacing petroleum-based thermoplastics. In this study, the effect of the high molecular weight (n = 3400) poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) blended in the films of PHBHx with different ratios of PEG was investigated using chemical FTIR imaging. Chemical IR images and FTIR spectra measured with increasing temperature revealed that PEG plays an important role in changing the kinetics of PHBHx crystallization.

Formation mechanism of α-lactalabumin/oleic acid complex characterized by 2D correlation analysis.

Partially unfolded α-lactalbumin (ALA) forms a complex with oleic acid (OA) that exhibits cytotoxic activity. In this study, for the first time, the pH-induced formation mechanism for ALA/OA complexes with two different molar ratios was investigated at the molecular level. For a deeper understanding of the formation mechanism of the two different ALA/OA complexes with decreasing pH, principal component analysis (PCA) and two-dimensional (2D) correlation spectroscopy were used to examine the pH-dependent IR spectra of ALA/OA complexes.

The roles of cognitive and language abilities in predicting decoding and reading comprehension: comparisons of dyslexia and specific language impairment.

This study aimed to (a) explore the roles of cognitive and language variables in predicting reading abilities of two groups of individuals with reading disabilities (i.e., dyslexia and specific language impairment) and (b) examine which variable(s) is the most predictive in differentiating two groups.

Predictors of job satisfaction among individuals with disabilities: An analysis of South Korea's National Survey of employment for the disabled.

This study aims to explore the influences of personal, vocational, and job environment related factors that are associated with job satisfaction of individuals with disabilities in South Korea. Data for wage-based working employees from a nationwide survey were obtained, which resulted in a total number of 417 participants. The six hypotheses and mediation effects of personal and work related environmental factors were tested using the structural equation modeling drawn from existing research evidence.

Noncontingent Reinforcement to Improve Classroom Behavior of a Student With Developmental Disability.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a noncontingent reinforcement intervention package implemented by an interning teacher in a special education classroom to address disruptive behavior and task engagement for a third-grade, 8-year-old boy with developmental disability. Using a within-subject reversal design (A-B-A-B), a teacher interning in Max's classroom delivered 3-min breaks (i.e.

Teaching Sight Words to Elementary Students With Intellectual Disability and Autism: A Comparison of Teacher-Directed Versus Computer-Assisted Simultaneous Prompting.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of teacher-directed simultaneous prompting to computer-assisted simultaneous prompting for teaching sight words to 3 elementary school students with intellectual disability. Activities in the computer-assisted condition were designed with Intellitools Classroom Suite software whereas traditional materials (i.e.