Face-to-trait inferences in Japanese children and adults based on Caucasian faces.

Recently, many studies have indicated that humans make social evaluations from facial appearances instantaneously and automatically. Furthermore, such judgments play an important role in several social contexts. However, the mechanisms involved in the ability to form impressions from faces are still unknown, as is the extent to which these can be regarded as universal in perceiving impressions.

Hemodynamic response to familiar faces in children with ADHD.

Background: School-age children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have difficulties in interpersonal relationships, in addition to impaired facial expression perception and recognition. For successful social interactions, the ability to discriminate between familiar and unfamiliar faces is critical. However, there are no published reports on the recognition of familiar and unfamiliar faces by children with ADHD.

Infants prefer a trustworthy person: An early sign of social cognition in infants.

Recently, various studies have clarified that humans can immediately make social evaluations from facial appearance and that such judgment have an important role in several social contexts. However, the origins and early development of this skill have not been well investigated. To clarify the mechanisms for the acquisition of this skill, we examined whether 6- to 8-month-old infants show a preference for a more trustworthy-looking person.

Differences in the Pattern of Hemodynamic Response to Self-Face and Stranger-Face Images in Adolescents with Anorexia Nervosa: A Near-Infrared Spectroscopic Study.

There have been no reports concerning the self-face perception in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN). The purpose of this study was to compare the neuronal correlates of viewing self-face images (i.e.

Hemodynamic response of children with attention-deficit and hyperactive disorder (ADHD) to emotional facial expressions.

Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have difficulty recognizing facial expressions. They identify angry expressions less accurately than typically developing (TD) children, yet little is known about their atypical neural basis for the recognition of facial expressions. Here, we used near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to examine the distinctive cerebral hemodynamics of ADHD and TD children while they viewed happy and angry expressions.

Effects of aging and divided attention on memory for items and their contexts.

It is commonly found that memory for context declines disproportionately with aging, arguably due to a general age-related deficit in associative memory processes. One possible mechanism for such deficits is an age-related reduction in available processing resources. In two experiments we compared the effects of aging to the effects of division of attention in younger adults on memory for items and context.

Affective impressions and memorability of color-form combinations.

In this study the authors investigate how various impressions affect the recognition of color-form pairs. They performed a preliminary study, a main study of impression rating using the semantic differential method, and a recognition experiment. On the basis of the preliminary study, the authors chose 14 appropriate pairs of adjectives and 48 color and form stimuli and used them for the main study.

Multichannel NIRS analysis of brain activity during semantic differential rating of drawing stimuli containing different affective polarities.

We used 24-channel near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to measure activity in the temporal, parietal, and frontal regions of the brain in eight Japanese women while the participants rated line drawings using semantic differential scales. Participants rated the seven line drawings on 15 bipolar semantic scales, each of which belonged to one of three semantic classes: Evaluation, Activity, or Potency. Suzuki et al.