Protection against malaria by anti-erythropoietin antibody due to suppression of erythropoiesis in the liver and at other sites.

We have previously reported that erythropoiesis commences in the liver and spleen after malarial infection, and that newly generated erythrocytes in the liver are essential for infection of malarial parasites as well as continuation of infection. At this time, erythropoietin (EPO) is elevated in the serum. In the present study, we administered EPO or anti-EPO antibody into C57BL/6 (B6) mice to modulate the serum level of EPO.

Overexpressed Id-1 is associated with a high risk of hepatocellular carcinoma development in patients with cirrhosis without transcriptional repression of p16.

Background: Inhibitor of differentiation/DNA binding protein 1 (Id-1) plays a pivotal role in the regulation of cell proliferation and carcinogenesis via inhibiting basic helix-loop-helix (HLH) transcription factors. Recently, Id-1 was found to repress p16 in tumorous tissue specimens including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but its relevance in precancerous liver tissues is unknown.

Methods: Id-1 expression in the liver tissue specimens of 112 patients with cirrhosis without HCC was studied by immunohistochemical analysis.

Hepatic natural killer and natural killer T cells markedly decreased in two cases of drug-induced fulminant hepatic failure rescued by living donor liver transplantation.

The human liver contains significant numbers of innate immune cells, such as natural killer (NK) cells and natural killer T (NKT) cells, which express both T-cell receptors and NK-cell receptors simultaneously. It has been suggested that the innate immune system plays a crucial role in the liver. In this report, the distribution of NK and NKT cells in the liver and peripheral blood of two patients with drug-induced fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) who had undergone living donor liver transplantation was examined.

Age-dependent variation in the proportion and number of intestinal lymphocyte subsets, especially natural killer T cells, double-positive CD4+ CD8+ cells and B220+ T cells, in mice.

The age-dependent variation in the proportion and number of lymphocyte subsets was examined at various extrathymic sites, including the liver, small intestine, colon and appendix in mice. In comparison with young mice (4 weeks of age), the number of total lymphocytes yielded by all tested organs was greater in adult (9 weeks) and old (40 weeks) mice. The major lymphocyte subset that expanded with age was interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) beta+ CD3int cells (50% of them expressed NK1.

Characterization of extrathymic CD8 alpha beta T cells in the liver and intestine in TAP-1 deficient mice.

TAP-1 deficient (-/-) mice cannot transport MHC class I antigens onto the cell surface, which results in failure of the generation of CD8+ T cells in the thymus. In a series of recent studies, it has been proposed that extrathymic T cells are generated in the liver and at other extrathymic sites (e.g.

Immunopotentiation of intraepithelial lymphocytes in the intestine by oral administrations of beta-glucan.

Mice were orally administered with beta-glucan, isolated from baker's yeast, daily for one week (25mg/day/mouse) and several immunoparameters in the digestive tract were examined. The most prominent change was an increase in the number of intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) in the intestine, although the number of lymphocytes in the liver remained unchanged. The absolute number of both alphabetaT cells and gammadeltaT cells expressing CD8 antigens increased among IEL in the intestine.

Identification of effector cells for TNFalpha-mediated cytotoxicity against WEHI164S cells.

WEHI164S cells were found to be very sensitive targets for in vitro killing in a 6-h culture when liver or splenic lymphocytes were used as effector cells in mice. Of particular interest, a limiting cell-dilution analysis showed that effector cells were present in the liver with a high frequency (1/4,300). In contrast to YAC-1 cells as NK targets, perforin-based cytotoxicity was not highly associated with WEHI164S killing.