Evaluation of ChatGPT-Generated Differential Diagnosis for Common Diseases With Atypical Presentation: Descriptive Research.

Background: The persistence of diagnostic errors, despite advances in medical knowledge and diagnostics, highlights the importance of understanding atypical disease presentations and their contribution to mortality and morbidity. Artificial intelligence (AI), particularly generative pre-trained transformers like GPT-4, holds promise for improving diagnostic accuracy, but requires further exploration in handling atypical presentations.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of ChatGPT in generating differential diagnoses for atypical presentations of common diseases, with a focus on the model's reliance on patient history during the diagnostic process.

Development of a Conversion Table Linking Functional Independence Measure Scores to International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health Qualifiers: Insights from a Survey of Healthcare Professionals.

In clinical practice, patient assessments rely on established scales. Integrating data from these scales into the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) framework has been suggested; however, a standardized approach is lacking. Herein, we tested a new approach to develop a conversion table translating clinical scale scores into ICF qualifiers based on a clinician survey.

Clinical Efficacy of Beta-1 Selective Beta-Blockers Versus Propranolol in Patients With Thyroid Storm: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Objectives: Thyroid storm is the most severe manifestation of thyrotoxicosis. Beta-blockers are among the standard treatment regimens for this condition, with propranolol being the historically preferred option. However, 2016 guidelines issued by the Japan Thyroid Association and the Japan Endocrine Society recommend the use of beta-1 selective beta-blockers over nonselective beta-blockers, such as propranolol.

Association between use of transdermal tulobuterol and short-term outcomes in patients with stroke and underlying chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A retrospective cohort study.

Transdermal tulobuterol, a long-acting beta agonist in a transdermal form, is available in some countries, including Japan, Korea, and China. It may provide an alternative treatment option for the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in patients who are unable to effectively use inhalers, such as those with acute stroke. This study examined the short-term outcomes of transdermal tulobuterol in patients hospitalized with acute stroke and underlying COPD.

Spontaneous Recovery of Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis Due to Primary Epstein-Barr Virus Infection in an Adult Patient.

BACKGROUND Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare life-threatening systemic hyperinflammatory condition. Most adult HLH cases are secondary to infection, malignancy, and rheumatic diseases. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is the most frequent cause of infection-induced HLH.

Portal and Mesenteric Vein Thrombosis Associated with Hyperthyroidism.

BACKGROUND Non-malignant and non-cirrhotic portal and mesenteric vein thrombosis is rare. It has been reported that the hyperthyroid state is associated with increased risks of venous thrombosis due to increases in levels of various coagulation and anti-fibrinolytic factors. Particularly, changes in levels of these factors are also reported in cases of portal and mesenteric vein thrombosis.

Unique presentation of cricoid cartilage fracture causing intermittent dyspnea without preceding trauma.

Cricoid cartilage fracture is generally caused by significant neck trauma and causes continuous dyspnea, neck pain, or hoarseness developing immediately after the traumatic episode. A 69-year-old woman without any history of trauma was admitted to our hospital with intermittent dyspnea. Six months before admission she had started to complain of dyspnea occurring several times a month without warning, improving spontaneously within a few hours without treatment.

Low-frequency repetitive TMS plus anodal transcranial DCS prevents transient decline in bimanual movement induced by contralesional inhibitory rTMS after stroke.

Background: Low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) over the unaffected motor cortex may improve motor function of the paretic hand after stroke. However, low-frequency rTMS might adversely affect bimanual movement by decreasing transcallosal function.

Objective: The authors investigated whether combined administration of rTMS and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) prevents deterioration of bimanual movement induced by low-frequency rTMS over the unaffected hemisphere.

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation over bilateral hemispheres enhances motor function and training effect of paretic hand in patients after stroke.

Objective: The interhemispheric competition model proposes that the functional recovery of motor deficits in patients after stroke can be achieved by increasing the excitability of the affected hemisphere or decreasing the excitability of the unaffected hemisphere. We investigated whether bilateral repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation might improve the paretic hand in patients after stroke.

Design: A double-blind study.

Inhibition of the unaffected motor cortex by 1 Hz repetitive transcranical magnetic stimulation enhances motor performance and training effect of the paretic hand in patients with chronic stroke.

Objective: Recent reports demonstrated that low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) over the unaffected hemisphere improved the affected hand function in chronic stroke patients. We investigated whether 1 Hz rTMS improved the motor learning of the affected hand in patients after stroke.

Design: A double-blind study.

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the unaffected hemisphere in a patient who was forced to use the affected hand.

We present a case report of a 56-yr-old chronic stroke patient with right hemiparesis who was treated with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) therapy. Before stroke, the patient had suffered an accident that led to paralysis and contracture of the left upper limb, and, subsequently, he was forced to use only his right upper limb for routine activities, despite right hemiparesis. We performed subthreshold rTMS (1 Hz, 25 mins) and sham stimulation of the contralesional primary motor cortex (M1) at different times.

Disinhibition of the premotor cortex contributes to a maladaptive change in the affected hand after stroke.

Background And Purpose: The mechanism of reorganization after stroke remains uncertain. Several studies that have measured reaction time (RT) delay by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) have revealed some substrates responsible for the reorganization of motor recovery. In this study, we evaluated the RT delay and inhibitory functions by examining the silent period (SP) in the primary motor cortex (M1) and premotor cortex (PMC) of the affected hemisphere.

Measurement of transcallosal inhibition in traumatic brain injury by transcranial magnetic stimulation.

Primary Objective: To study whether transcallosal inhibition (TCI) can evaluate the severity of traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Research Design: Case-control study.

Methods And Procedures: Twenty patients with a chronic TBI and 20 control subjects were studied.

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of contralesional primary motor cortex improves hand function after stroke.

Background And Purpose: A recent report has demonstrated that the contralesional primary motor cortex (M1) inhibited the ipsilesional M1 via an abnormal transcallosal inhibition (TCI) in stroke patients. We studied whether a decreased excitability of the contralesional M1 induced by 1 Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) caused an improved motor performance of the affected hand in stroke patients by releasing the TCI.

Methods: We conducted a double-blind study of real versus sham rTMS in stroke patients.