Updated imaging markers in cerebral amyloid angiopathy: What radiologists need to know.

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is an age-related small vessel disease pathologically characterized by the progressive accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide in cerebrovascular walls, affecting both cortical and leptomeningeal vessels. Amyloid deposition results in fragile vessels, which may lead to lobar intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and cognitive impairment. To evaluate the probability and severity of CAA, the imaging markers depicted on CT and MRI techniques are crucial, as brain pathological examination is highly invasive.

Effects of Goreisan in the Perioperative Period of Subthalamic Deep Brain Stimulation in Parkinson's Disease.

Introduction: Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) may benefit from deep brain stimulation (DBS). Perifocal brain edema sometimes occurs after DBS surgery, but it is transient and does not affect the final prognosis. Transient deterioration of cognitive function has been reported in patients with frontal edema in the first postoperative week.

Superficial small cerebellar infarcts in cerebral amyloid angiopathy on 3 T MRI: A preliminary study.

Background: Strictly superficial cerebellar microbleeds and cerebellar superficial siderosis have been considered markers of advanced cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), but there are few studies on cerebellar ischemic lesions in CAA. We investigated the presence of superficial small cerebellar infarct (SCI) ≤15 mm and its relation to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) markers in patients with probable CAA.

Methods: Eighty patients with probable CAA were retrospectively evaluated.

Pulvinar quantitative susceptibility mapping predicts visual hallucinations post-deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease.

Purpose: We have reported the relationship between low pulvinar nuclei (PN) intensity in susceptibility-weighted imaging and the appearance of visual hallucinations and cognitive function. The aim of the study was to examine the changes in the quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) who underwent deep brain stimulation (DBS) and verify whether the PN susceptibility value (SV) on QSM can predict visual hallucination and cognitive changes after DBS.

Methods: This study examined 24 patients with PD who underwent DBS along with QSM imaging on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Magnetic resonance imaging and neuropsychological findings for predicting of cognitive deterioration in memory clinic patients.

Objective: The severity of cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been assessed using hypertensive arteriopathy SVD and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA)-SVD scores. In addition, we reported the modified CAA-SVD score including cortical microinfarcts and posterior dominant white matter hyperintensity. Each SVD score has been associated with cognitive function, but the longitudinal changes remain unclear.

Cerebral microinfarcts revisited: Detection, causes, and clinical relevance.

Cerebral microinfarcts (CMIs) are small ischemic lesions invisible to the naked eye at brain autopsy, while the larger ones (0.5-4 mm in diameter) have been visualized in-vivo on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). CMIs can be detected on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) as incidental small DWI-positive lesions (ISDPLs) and on structural MRI for those confined to the cortex and in the chronic phase.

Association between behavioral and psychological symptoms and cerebral small vessel disease MRI findings in memory clinic patients.

Objectives: Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is commonly observed among elderly individuals with cognitive impairment and has been recognized as a vascular contributor to dementia and behavioral and psychological symptoms (BPS), however, the relationship between BPS and SVD burden remains unclear.

Methods: We prospectively recruited 42 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or mild dementia from the memory clinic in our hospital, who were assigned to either a clinical dementia rating (CDR) of 0.5 or 1.

Sporadic Myotonic Dystrophy Type 2 in a Japanese Patient.

We herein report a Japanese patient with myotonic dystrophy type 2 (DM2), which is rare in Japan. A 64-year-oldman had proximal muscle weakness and grip myotonia. Electromyography showed myotonic discharges, but dystrophia-myotonica protein kinase (DMPK) was negative for CTG repeats.

Cerebral Microbleeds With Atrial Fibrillation After Ablation Therapy.

Background: The prevalence of cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) is significantly higher in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) than in those without AF. CMBs in patients with AF have been reported to be primarily of the lobar type, but the exact cause of this remains unknown. We investigated the possibility that hemorrhagic transformation of embolic microinfarction can account for lobar CMBs.

Long-term MRI changes in a patient with Kelch-like protein 11-associated paraneoplastic neurological syndrome.

Background And Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify the long-term radiological changes, autoantibody specificities, and clinical course in a patient with kelch-like protein 11 (KLHL11)-associated paraneoplastic neurological syndrome (PNS).

Methods: Serial brain magnetic resonance images were retrospectively assessed. To test for KLHL11 autoantibodies, longitudinal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum samples were screened by Phage-display ImmunoPrecipitation and Sequencing (PhIP-Seq).

Neuromelanin-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging in disease differentiation for parkinsonism or neurodegenerative disease affecting the basal ganglia.

Introduction: Several reports have shown that neuromelanin-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging (NMI) using 3T magnetic resonance imaging is useful for the differential diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), and other neurological diseases. However, the number of cases in previous studies has been insufficient. We aimed to determine the relationship between NMI and severity of PD and related disorders, and thereby establish the diagnostic utility of NMI for diagnosing neurological diseases.

Micro-MRI improves the accuracy of clinical diagnosis in cerebral small vessel disease.

Even with postmortem pathological examination, only limited information is provided of the foci of clinical information. Cerebral small vessel disease, which is associated with ageing, dementia and stroke, highlights the difficulty in arriving at a definitive diagnosis of the lesions detected on radiological examination. We performed a radiological-pathological comparative study using MRI to examine small cerebral lesions.

Hypertensive Arteriopathy and Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy in Patients with Cognitive Decline and Mixed Cerebral Microbleeds.

Background: Hypertensive arteriopathy (HA) and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) may contribute to the development of mixed cerebral microbleeds (CMBs). Recently, the total small vessel disease (SVD) scores for HA and CAA were proposed, which are determined by a combination of MRI markers to reflect overall severity of these microangiopathies.

Objective: We investigated whether or not total HA-SVD and CAA-SVD scores could be used to predict overlap of HA and CAA in patients with mixed CMBs.

Association between cortical microinfarcts and total small vessel disease burden in cerebral amyloid angiopathy on 3-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging.

Background And Purpose: Cortical microinfarcts (CMIs) are frequently found in the brains of patients with advanced cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) at autopsy. The small vessel disease (SVD) score for CAA (i.e.

PLA2G6 variants associated with the number of affected alleles in Parkinson's disease in Japan.

This study aimed to evaluate genotype-phenotype correlations of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with phospholipase A2 group V (PLA2G6) variants. We analyzed the DNA of 798 patients with PD, including 78 PD patients reported previously, and 336 in-house controls. We screened the exons and exon-intron boundaries of PLA2G6 using the Ion Torrent system and Sanger method.

Myasthenia gravis with anti-muscle-specific tyrosine kinase antibodies during therapy for multiple myeloma: a case report.

Background: The onset of myasthenia (MG) gravis with anti-muscle-specific tyrosine kinase (MuSK) antibodies most commonly peaks in the fourth decade of life, and MG with MuSK antibodies (MuSK-MG) rarely coexists with a malignant tumor. To date, MuSK-MG has not been reported in multiple myeloma (MM).

Case Presentation: A 60-year-old male with MM who was receiving treatment with bortezomib and thalidomide presented diplopia, ptosis, and limb weakness.

Symptomatic Characteristics of Parkinson's Disease Induced by Neuroleptic Drugs, Based on a Functional Neuroimaging Diagnosis.

Objective When patients take neuroleptics, the distinction between Parkinson's disease (PD) and drug-induced parkinsonism (DIP) based solely on clinical features can become difficult. At present, I-FP-CIT SPECT (DAT-SPECT) and I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) myocardial scintigraphy are widely used to supplement the differential diagnosis of parkinsonism. This study assessed the clinical symptoms and neurological findings in the patients suspected of having DIP based on DAT-SPECT findings.

Cortical Microinfarcts Detected by 3-Tesla Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Differentiation Between Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy and Embolism.

Background and Purpose- Cortical microinfarcts (CMIs) are small ischemic lesions found in cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) and embolic stroke. This study aimed to differentiate CMIs caused by CAA from those caused by microembolisms, using 3-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging. Methods- We retrospectively investigated 70 patients with at least 1 cortical infarct <10 mm on 3-dimensional double inversion recovery imaging.

MEFV gene mutations in neuro-Behçet's disease and neuro-Sweet disease.

Mediterranean fever (MEFV) gene mutations are associated with familial Mediterranean fever (FMF). Recent studies have suggested that MEFV gene mutations may act as disease modifiers in neuro-Behçet's (NBD) disease and neuro-Sweet disease (NSD). We investigated MEFV genes and clinical features in 17 patients with NBD or NSD.

Microbleeds after Carotid Artery Stenting: Small Embolism May Induce Cerebral Microbleeds.

Background: Since the advent of magnetic resonance imaging technology, cerebral microbleeds can be diagnosed in vivo. However, the underlying mechanism of cerebral microbleed formation is not fully understood.

Objectives: This study aimed to identify the factors associated with cerebral microbleeds after carotid artery stenting (CAS).

Vertebral artery dissection associated with familial Mediterranean fever and Behçet's disease.

Vertebral artery dissection and recurrent meningitis are rare complications in Behçet's disease. Behçet's disease may be associated with familial Mediterranean fever. Here, we describe a 52-year-old woman with severe headache who exhibited recurrent meningitis and vertebral artery dissection.