Final Sampling Bias in Haptic Judgments: How Final Touch Affects Decision-Making.

When people make a choice between multiple items, they usually evaluate each item one after the other repeatedly. The effect of the order and number of evaluating items on one's choices is essential to understanding the decision-making process. Previous studies have shown that when people choose a favorable item from two items, they tend to choose the item that they evaluated last.

Taken last, selected first: the sampling bias is also present in the haptic domain.

When people are presented with a pair of images and asked to identify which one is more attractive, their eye gaze shifts gradually toward the image that they eventually choose. This study examined whether this sampling bias also occurs in other sensory modalities by observing participants' behavior in a haptic preference task. The results indicated that the participants tended to sample the chosen item just prior to making their decision when they were instructed to identify their most preferred item (i.

[Case of tuberculous pleurisy distinguished from pleurisy caused by Mycoplasma infection].

We report a case of tuberculous pleurisy that required differentiation from pleurisy caused by Mycoplasma infection. A 28-year-old woman presented to a clinic with fever and pain on the left side of her chest. A chest radiograph revealed pleural effusion in the left thorax, and the condition was diagnosed as bacterial pleurisy.

[A case of secondary pulmonary cryptococcosis presenting with multiple cystic shadows].

An 80-year-old woman with a history of rheumatoid arthritis and steroid diabetes had been given a diagnosis of multiple bilateral pulmonary cystic lesions 16 months previously, and these lesions were observed to gradually increase on follow-up. She presented with a fever of 38 degrees C, cough, and sputum for 2 weeks, and the pulmonary cystic lesions had enlarged, and therefore she was admitted. A chest X-ray film revealed multiple cystic lesions 4 cm in greatest dimension in both the left upper and middle lung fields, and chest computed tomography (CT) scans revealed that the lesions of the left S1+2 had niveau formation with a partially thickened wall.

Aerobic mineralization of hexachlorobenzene by newly isolated pentachloronitrobenzene-degrading Nocardioides sp. strain PD653.

A novel aerobic pentachloronitrobenzene-degrading bacterium, Nocardioides sp. strain PD653, was isolated from an enrichment culture in a soil-charcoal perfusion system. The bacterium also degraded hexachlorobenzene, a highly recalcitrant environmental pollutant, accompanying the generation of chloride ions.

Isolation and characterization of a novel simazine-degrading beta-proteobacterium and detection of genes encoding s-triazine-degrading enzymes.

A moderately persistent herbicide, simazine, has been used globally and detected as a contaminant in soil and water. The authors have isolated a simazine-degrading bacterium from a simazine-degrading bacterial consortium that was enriched using charcoal as a microhabitat. The isolate, strain CDB21, was gram-negative, rod-shaped (0.