Evaluation by MR Enterocolonography of Lansoprazole-induced Collagenous Colitis Accompanied with Protein-losing Enteropathy.

We herein describe a 69-year-old man suffering from chronic diarrhea caused by lansoprazole (LPZ)-induced collagenous colitis (CC) accompanied with protein-losing enteropathy (PLE), diagnosed by increased fecal alpha-1 antitrypsin clearance and the findings of leakage from the descending colon to the sigmoid colon on scintigraphy. MR enterocolonography (MREC) was also performed for differentiating digestive diseases, and inflamed findings were observed around the same portion as those on scintigraphy, suggesting that this region was responsible for protein loss in this case. The MREC findings improved after the cessation of LPZ, and hypoalbuminemia also improved simultaneously.

Uric acid ameliorates indomethacin-induced enteropathy in mice through its antioxidant activity.

Background And Aim: Uric acid is excreted from blood into the intestinal lumen, yet the roles of uric acid in intestinal diseases remain to be elucidated. The study aimed to determine whether uric acid could reduce end points associated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-induced enteropathy.

Methods: A mouse model of NSAID-induced enteropathy was generated by administering indomethacin intraperitoneally to 8-week-old male C57BL/6 mice, and then vehicle or uric acid was administered orally.

Platelet interaction with lymphatics aggravates intestinal inflammation by suppressing lymphangiogenesis.

Lymphatic failure is a histopathological feature of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Recent studies show that interaction between platelets and podoplanin on lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) suppresses lymphangiogenesis. We aimed to investigate the role of platelets in the inflammatory process of colitis, which is likely to be through modulation of lymphangiogenesis.

Psychological stress exacerbates NSAID-induced small bowel injury by inducing changes in intestinal microbiota and permeability via glucocorticoid receptor signaling.

Background: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are popular painkillers, but they have serious side effects, not only in the upper gastrointestinal tract but also in the small intestine. It is well known that psychological stress may exacerbate various gastrointestinal diseases. The aim of this study was to determine whether psychological stress exacerbates NSAID enteropathy and to determine the possible underlying mechanisms for this.

Recombinant Thrombomodulin Modulates Murine Colitis Possibly via High-Mobility Group Box 1 Protein Inhibition.

Background And Aim: Thrombomodulin (TM) is an anticoagulant cofactor protein. We hypothesized that its recombinant soluble TM (rhTM) form, widely used to treat disseminated intravascular coagulation, might have anti-inflammatory action in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), possibly through its inhibition of high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1).

Methods: We investigated inflammatory effects of HMGB1 and anti-inflammatory effect of rhTM in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-treated mice, some cell lines and ulcerative colitis (UC) patients, particularly focusing on changes of vascular endothelial adhesion molecules.

Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 agonists ameliorate indomethacin-induced murine ileitis by suppressing the TLR4 signaling.

Background And Aim: Few drugs have been found satisfactory in the treatment of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)-induced enteropathy. Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 and aberrant leukocyte migration to the intestinal mucosa are reported to be involved in the pathology of intestinal enteropathy and TLR2 agonists have been found to evoke hyposensitivity to TLR4 stimulation in vitro. In this study, we investigated whether and how lipoarabinomannan (LAM) or lipoteichoic acid (LTA), TLR2 agonists, attenuated indomethacin (IND)-induced intestinal damage.

Beneficial effect of an omega-6 PUFA-rich diet in non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced mucosal damage in the murine small intestine.

Aim: To investigate the effect of a fat rich diet on non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-induced mucosal damage in the murine small intestine.

Methods: C57BL6 mice were fed 4 types of diets with or without indomethacin. One group was fed standard laboratory chow.

Magnetic resonance enterocolonography in detecting erosion and redness in intestinal mucosa of patients with Crohn's disease.

Background And Aim: In Crohn's disease (CD), assessment of disease activity and extension is important for clinical management. Endoscopy is the most reliable tool for evaluating disease activity in these patients and it distinguishes between lesions based on ulcer, erosion, and redness. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is less invasive than endoscopy; however, the sensitivity of MRI in detecting lesions is believed to be lower, and whether MRI can detect milder lesions has not been studied.

Pregnant woman with non-comatose autoimmune acute liver failure in the second trimester rescued using medical therapy: A case report.

We present the case of a 25-year-old woman at 16 weeks of gestation who presented with non-comatose autoimmune acute liver failure and was at high risk of developing fulminant hepatitis. Predictive formulas indicated a high probability of developing fulminant hepatitis. Unenhanced computed tomography showed marked hepatic atrophy and broadly heterogeneous hypoattenuating areas.