Primary adenocarcinoma of the upper jejunum.

Here we report a case of primary adenocarcinoma of the upper jejunum, for which an early diagnosis could be made by computed tomography.

Overlapping Myocarditis and Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome After COVID-19 Messenger RNA Vaccination: A Case Report.

The worldwide spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the significant morbidity and mortality rate associated with it led to the rapid development of several COVID-19 vaccines. While serious side effects related to the vaccines are rare, various adverse events have been reported to occur after COVID-19 messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccination, including myocarditis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, and thrombosis. Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is a chronic cardiovascular dysautonomia among young and middle-aged individuals.

Review to better understand the macroscopic subtypes and histogenesis of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is macroscopically classified into three subtypes, mass-forming-type, periductal infiltrating-type, and intraductal growth-type. Each subtype should be preoperatively differentiated to perform the valid surgical resection. Recent researches have revealed the clinical, radiologic, pathobiological characteristics of each subtype.

A large hepatic cyst with obstructive jaundice successfully treated with single-incision laparoscopic deroofing.

We herein present a case of hepatic cysts causing obstructive jaundice that was treated with single-incision laparoscopic deroofing. A 72-year-old female patient was referred to hospital due to a large hepatic cyst that compressed the intrahepatic bile ducts. The patient was scheduled to undergo single-incision laparoscopic deroofing.

Mucinous cystic neoplasm of the pancreas in a male patient.

Mucinous cystic neoplasms (MCNs) make up a morphologic family of similar appearing tumors arising in the ovary and various extraovarian organs such as pancreas, hepatobiliary tract and mesentery. MCNs of the pancreas occur almost exclusively in women. Here, we report a rare case of MCN in a male patient.

Contribution of thymidylate synthase to gemcitabine therapy for advanced pancreatic cancer.

Objectives: Thymidylate synthase (TS) inhibitors activate human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1. We evaluated the contribution of TS expression to determine a treatment method providing an effect from gemcitabine (GEM).

Methods: The expression of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and GEM metabolic factors (5-FU: TS, dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase, orotate phosphoribosyltransferase; GEM: human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1, deoxycytidine kinase, cytidine deaminase, 5'-nucleotidase) were studied in 7 pancreatic cancer cell lines by Western blotting, and drug resistance was evaluated by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol]-2,5-dephenyl tetrazolium bromide assay.

Biweekly docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil (DCF) chemotherapy for advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a phase I dose-escalation study.

Background And Purpose: The optimal chemotherapeutic protocol for the treatment of esophageal cancer has not yet been established. A dose-escalation study of docetaxel combined with cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was performed to determine the optimal dose in patients with advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Patients And Method: We studied a total of 18 patients who had previously untreated thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with T4 tumors and/or metastasis.

Immunohistochemical study of claudin 18 involvement in intestinal differentiation during the progression of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm.

Background And Aim: A comparison was made between pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) and intraductal papillary mucinous carcinoma (IPMC) in order to understand the association between several markers and malignant potential.

Patients And Methods: Fifteen surgically resected PDACs and four IPMCs were subjected to immunohistochemistry with primary antibodies to Ki-67, p53, MUC2, Gli-1, and Claudin-18 (CLDN18).

Results: Ki-67, P53, MUC2, Gli-1 and CLDN18 were positive in 6 (50%), 10 (66.

Clinical significance of aggressive hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastasis, evaluated from the HGF/c-Met pathway.

Liver metastasis is one of the most critical factors in deciding the prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Hepatectomy is the most curative treatment for liver metastasis of CRC. The high amount of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is produced to promote liver regeneration by hepatectomy.

Liver abscess after common hepatic artery embolization for delayed hemorrhage following pancreaticoduodenectomy: a case report.

A 55-year-old man underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy for bile duct carcinoma in March 2009. The patient developed anastomotic leakage and had a short episode of hemorrhage from the drainage tubes with spontaneous disappearance. CT and upper endoscopy did not reveal the source of bleeding.

Effect of hepatocyte growth factor on progression of liver metastasis in colorectal cancer.

Background/aims: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide, and a strategy to assess and control liver metastasis will be critical to control patient prognosis. To evaluate therapeutic approaches, the biological responses associated with hepatectomy were studied with a focus on hepatocyte growth factor (HGF).

Methodology: In 54 patients with metastatic liver tumors due to CRC, c-Met expression was estimated by western blotting from resected tissue specimens.

Critical role of c-Met and Ki67 in progress of biliary carcinoma.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pattern of expression of c-Met and Ki67 in several components of biliary carcinoma. Fourteen surgically resected samples, including five intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas, five gallbladder carcinomas, and four extrahepatic bile duct carcinomas, were subjected to immunohistochemistry with primary antibodies. In all 13 cases, intraductal neoplastic components showed diffuse staining for c-Met localized in the cell membrane, whereas 10 of the 14 cases lacked expression of c-Met in the corresponding invasive components.

A case delayed hemorrhage from the stump of the superior rectal artery after abdominoperineal resection of the rectum.

A 66-year-old man underwent abdominoperineal resection for advanced rectal cancer. On day 3 post surgery, a decompression tube was placed for postoperative ileus. Symptoms associated with ileus immediately disappeared.

Serial analysis of gene expression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: ADAMTS16 is upregulated in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. To identify potential diagnostic markers for ESCC and therapeutic targets for ESCC, we used Serial Analysis of Gene Expression (SAGE) on one ESCC sample. We obtained a total of 14,430 tags, including 5765 that were unique.

Successful surgical resection for peritoneal implantation of hepatocellular carcinoma at the paracardial portion.

Peritoneal implantation from hepatocellular carcinoma has been rarely reported. It may occur at various sites. Here we present a surgically resected case of peritoneal implantation to the diaphragm from hepatocellular carcinoma.

Rapamycin enhances chemotherapy-induced cytotoxicity by inhibiting the expressions of TS and ERK in gastric cancer cells.

We have previously reported the synergistic cytotoxic effects of Docetaxel (TXT) and S-1 in gastric cancer in vitro and in vivo, and the combination regimen is now under phase III clinical trail. In this study, to elucidate whether the rapamycin, the inhibitor of the mTOR (mammalian target of rapamaycin), can enhance the potentiation of TXT and 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) in gastric carcinoma cells. Rapamycin inhibited the growth of TMK-1, MKN-28, MKN-45 and MKN-74 cell lines by MTT assay, and it demonstrated the cytostatic effects as G1 arrest shown by flowcytometry.

A Case Report of Intraductal Papillary-Mucinous Neoplasm of the Pancreas Showing Morphologic Transformation during Followup Periods.

A 64-year-old man underwent MRCP for further examination of gallbladder stones and IPMN of branch-type (IPMN-Br) was pointed out. Yearly MRCP had revealed the gradual increase of the cystic components, marked dilation of the main pancreatic duct (MPD), and filling defects in the MPD. After follow-up for three years, he underwent pancreatoduodenectomy.

Clinical evaluation of modified reconstruction method after pancreatoduodenectomy.

Background/aims: The new reconstruction procedure after pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) is described to evaluate its usefulness.

Methodology: The jejunum was made for an end-to-side choledochojejunostomy, and the cut proximal jejunum for approximately 20 cm was led to the pancreatic stump for end-to-end anastomosis with telescoping. Approximately 20 cm of jejunum was created with a side-to-end anastomosis with the stomach, and end-to-side jejuno-jejunostomy for Roux-en Y reconstruction.

Use of entecavir to prevent hepatitis B virus reactivation during cytotoxic chemotherapy for solid malignancy.

Reactivation of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a frequent complication of cytotoxic chemotherapy that includes steroids. International studies have shown that lamivudine reduces the incidence and severity of hepatitis in HBV carriers undergoing chemotherapy to treat malignancies. However, prolonged lamivudine therapy is associated with an increased risk of drug-resistant tyrosine-methionine-aspartate-aspartate (YMDD) mutations.

Invasive ductal carcinoma of the pancreas showing exophytic growth.

Background: Invasive pancreatic carcinoma generally appears as poorly defined mass reflecting the infiltrative growth. We aimed to identify the histological and immunohistochemical features in a rare case of pancreatic carcinoma showing exophytic growth.

Methods: A 67-year-old woman presented with a mass of 5.

A case of benign intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas containing two major subtypes.

Here we report a case of benign intraductal papillary-mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) of the pancreas containing two major subtypes. A 73-year-old man underwent pancreatoduodenectomy for a cystic mass, 5.0 cm in diameter.

Decreased orotate phosphoribosyltransferase activity produces 5-fluorouracil resistance in a human gastric cancer cell line.

To elucidate the mechanism of resistance to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in human gastric cancer cells, we established a cell line MKN45/F2R, which acquired 5-FU resistance as a result of continuous exposure to increasing dosages of 5-FU over a year. The cell line showed 157-fold elevated 5-FU resistance compared to the MKN45 human gastric cancer parental cell line. Furthermore, the cells acquired crossresistance to paclitaxel and docetaxel.

Expression of orotate phosphoribosyltransferase in colorectal carcinoma: an immunohistochemical analysis in several components of neoplastic lesions.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pattern of the expression of orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (OPRT) in several components of colorectal carcinoma (CRC). Fifty-six surgically-resected samples of CRC were subjected to immunohistochemistry with a polyclonal anti-OPRT antibody. Grading was performed independently for several components of CRC, including mucosal carcinoma lesions (n=56), infiltrative lesions (n=53), lymphovascularly invasive lesions (n=34) and metastatic lymph nodes (n=17).

Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase and orotate phosphoribosyltransferase in esophageal cancer patients: Correlation with clinicopathological factors and prognosis.

Thymidylate synthase (TS), dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) and orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (OPRT) are fluoropyrimidine metabolic enzymes which play important roles in the response of cancer patients to chemotherapy. In esophageal cancer, little is known about the relationship between the expression of these enzymes and corresponding clinicopathological features. In the present study, TS, DPD and OPRT expression levels were evaluated in 72 resected esophageal cancer specimens using immunohistochemistry.