CD28 signaling in primary CD4(+) T cells: identification of both tyrosine phosphorylation-dependent and phosphorylation-independent pathways.

In addition to TCR signaling, the activation and proliferation of naive T cells require CD28-mediated co-stimulation. Once engaged, CD28 is phosphorylated and can then activate signaling pathways by recruiting molecules to its YMNM motif and two PxxP motifs. In this study, we analyzed the relationship between tyrosine phosphorylation and the co-stimulatory function of CD28 in murine primary CD4(+) T cells.

Population pharmacokinetics and proton pump inhibitory effects of intravenous lansoprazole in healthy Japanese males.

A total of 56 healthy Japanese males were enrolled in single- or multiple- dose pharmacokinetic trials of intravenous lansoprazole administration. The population pharmacokinetics of the drug was evaluated using nonlinear mixed effects model (NONMEM) software. In addition, the effect of CYP2C19 polymorphism on proton pump inhibition by lansoprazole was investigated using 24-h intragastric pH monitoring in the 32 subjects.

Effect of water intake on pharmacokinetics of lansoprazole from fast disintegrating tablet in human subjects.

Lansoprazole fast disintegrating tablet (LFDT) has been developed as a multiple unit formulation to increase the QOL of patients, i.e., easy intake without water.

Evaluation of fast disintegrating lansoprazole tablet in human subjects.

Fast disintegrating lansoprazole tablet (LFDT) has been developed as a multiple unit formulation and evaluated using human subjects as compared to the conventional lansoprazole (LPZ) capsule containing enteric coated granules. Twelve healthy male volunteers, who were confirmed as extensive metabolizers (EMs) based on the plasma levels of LPZ sulphone metabolite, were enrolled into the study and genotype of CYP2C19 was confirmed. They kept 30 mg LFDT in their mouths for 2 min and the saliva was recovered without swallow.