Aberrant mediastinal mediobasal segmental pulmonary artery in a patient with lung cancer undergoing right lower lobectomy: a case report.

Background: A mediastinal mediobasal segmental pulmonary artery (A7) from the right main pulmonary artery is extremely rare.

Case Presentation: We report the case of a 71-year-old woman with an aberrant mediastinal A7 who underwent right lower lobectomy for lung cancer (cT1bN0M0, stage IA2). Preoperative three-dimensional computed tomography (CT) angiography revealed an aberrant mediastinal A7 in the right main pulmonary artery.

Successful salvage surgery followed by second ALK-TKI after alectinib failure in a patient with ALK-positive NSCLC.

Background: Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been approved for the therapy of locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) caused by ALK rearrangement. However, its treatment after failure of initial ALK-TKI therapy remains controversial.

Case Presentation: A 47-year-old woman with a hemosputum was diagnosed with adenocarcinoma of the left lung (cT2bN3M0, stage IIIB).

[Typical Carcinoid of the Lung with Abnormal Elevation of Serum Pro-gastrin-releasing Peptide (ProGRP)].

A 40-year-old male was referred to our hospital because of a nodular shadow detected in the left lower lobe with the tendency to increase gently. Because fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) uptake was extremely low on a FDG positron emission tomography (PET-CT), the tumor was highly suspected of the benign tumor. Five years later, a follow-up computed tomography (CT) showed the shadow to be enlarged.

Expressions of ATF6, XBP1, and GRP78 in normal tissue, atypical adenomatous hyperplasia, and adenocarcinoma of the lung.

Little is known about the association between the atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH)-adenocarcinoma in situ sequence of the lung and endoplasmic reticulum-stress responders such as ATF6, XBP1, and GRP78. Using stored tissues, we examined (i) the percentage of a splicing form (active form) of XBP1 messenger RNA in normal lung tissue (NLT) and adenocarcinoma (ACA; using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction); (ii) ATF6 and GRP78 protein expressions in NLT and ACA (using Western blotting analysis); (iii) ATF6, XBP1, and GRP78 protein expressions in NLT, AAH, and ACA, including some adenocarcinoma in situ (using immunohistochemistry); and (iv) the incidence of nuclear translocation of the 3 proteins in these lesions. The percentage of the splicing form of XBP1 messenger RNA showed a borderline difference between NLT and ACA (P = .

Pneumonectomy in pulmonary metastasis.

Background: The risk of complication following pneumonectomy is high; therefore, the decision to perform pneumonectomy should be carefully evaluated. A retrospective multicenter study of patients with metastatic lung tumors who underwent pneumonectomy was conducted.

Methods: The database from the Metastatic Lung Tumor Study Group of Japan was retrospectively reviewed.

Adherence and feasibility of 2 treatment schedules of S-1 as adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with completely resected advanced lung cancer: a multicenter randomized controlled trial.

Background: We conducted a multicenter randomized study of adjuvant S-1 administration schedules for surgically treated pathological stage IB-IIIA non-small cell lung cancer patients.

Methods: Patients receiving curative surgical resection were centrally randomized to arm A (4 weeks of oral S-1 and a 2-week rest over 12 months) or arm B (2 weeks of S-1 and a 1-week rest over 12 months). The primary endpoints were completion of the scheduled adjuvant chemotherapy over 12 months, and the secondary endpoints were relative total administration dose, toxicity, and 3-year disease-free survival.

Recent improvement of survival prognosis after pulmonary metastasectomy and advanced chemotherapy for patients with colorectal cancer.

Objectives: New chemotherapeutic regimens (i.e. FOLFOX or FOLFIRI with molecular targeted drugs) have improved the prognosis of patients with unresectable or recurrent colorectal cancer.

Thoracoscopic surgery versus open surgery for lung metastases of colorectal cancer: a multi-institutional retrospective analysis using propensity score adjustment†.

Objectives: Thoracoscopic surgery for lung metastasectomy remains controversial. The study aimed at determining the efficacy of thoracoscopic surgery for lung metastasectomy.

Methods: This was a multi-institutional, retrospective study that included 1047 patients who underwent lung metastasectomy for colorectal cancer between 1999 and 2014.

Thymoma Metastasis to the Semimembranosus Muscle.

Thymoma is the most common thymic epithelial tumor whose classification was first introduced in 1999. Type B2 thymoma is considered a moderate/high-risk tumor; however, extrathoracic metastases are extremely rare with limited reports to date. In this report, we present a rare thymoma metastasis to the semimembranosus muscle, which was resected with a wide margin after confirmation by open biopsy.

Immunocytochemical utility of claudin-4 versus those of Ber-EP4 and MOC-31 in effusion cytology.

Background: Recently, claudin-4 (CL4) immunocytochemistry was reported to be useful for differential diagnosis in effusion cytology. We wondered whether CL4 might be useful for "single-shot" identification of metastatic carcinoma. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of CL4 in effusion cytology.

Expressions of Thyroid Transcription Factor-1, Napsin A, p40, p63, CK5/6 and Desmocollin-3 in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, as Revealed by Imprint Cytology Using a Malinol-Based Cell-Transfer Technique.

Background: The introduction of new therapies has made it important to differentiate between adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. To allow the use of various immunocytochemical stains on limited materials, we tried transferring cells from a given smear to multiple slides. Using touch-preparation samples of 215 surgically resected non-small cell lung carcinomas of confirmed histologic classification (adenocarcinoma,n = 101; squamous cell carcinoma,n = 114), we performed immunocytochemistry for thyroid transcription factor-1, napsin A, p40, p63, CK5/6 and desmocollin-3, and compared cytologic staining results with the corresponding resection.

Outcomes and prognostic factors of survival after pulmonary resection for metastatic gastric cancer.

Objectives: Gastric cancer is the most common malignant tumour in Japan. Because gastric cancer metastases to the lung generally occur as lymphangitic carcinomatosis or numerous lesions, metastasectomy is rarely indicated. Therefore, the role of resectable pulmonary metastasectomy in gastric cancer is still unclear.

Prognostic factors after pulmonary metastasectomy for colorectal cancer and rationale for determining surgical indications: a retrospective analysis.

Objective: We aimed to identify prognostic factors after pulmonary metastasectomy for colorectal cancer and propose the clinical application of them. Furthermore, we endeavored to provide a rationale for pulmonary metastasesectomy.

Background: Several prognostic factors have been proposed, but clinical application of them remains unclear.

Delivery system for autologous growth factors fabricated with low-molecular-weight heparin and protamine to attenuate ischemic hind-limb loss in a mouse model.

Frozen and thawed platelet-rich plasma (PRP) contains high concentrations of various growth factors, such as fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2, vascular endothelial growth factor, and hepatocyte growth factor. We previously reported that low-molecular-weight heparin/protamine microparticles (LH/P MPs) are useful as biodegradable carriers for the controlled release of FGF-2. In this study, we examined the ability of PRP/LH/P MPs to prevent limb loss in an induced ischemic hind-limb model that used adult BALB/c-nu/nu male mice.

A case of primary lung cancer lesion demonstrated by F-18 FDG positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) one year after the detection of metastatic brain tumor.

Cancer of unknown primary origin (CUP) is an aggressive disease with a poor prognosis. Metastatic brain tumors occur in approximately 15% of all cancer patients. F-18 2'-deoxy-2fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) combined with computed tomography (PET/CT) contributes to the evaluation of cancer staging, although the benefits of PET/CT for detection of CUP origins has yet to be determined.

A case of early stage lung cancer detected by repeated cancer screening with positron emission tomography.

There has been an increase in the detection rate of small early lung cancer due to recent improvements in imaging technology. However, conventional imaging modalities such as computed tomography (CT) alone are not capable of differentiating small pulmonary nodules. New modalities such as F-18 2'-deoxy-2fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography combined with CT (PET/CT) have contributed to the evaluation of lung cancer staging, although the differential diagnosis of pulmonary nodules showing ground-glass opacity (GGO) with PET/CT is controversial.

Clinical implications of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography at delayed phase for diagnosis and prognosis of malignant pleural mesothelioma.

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) has a poor prognosis, and conventional imaging modalities do not reflect the prognosis of MPM. In this study, the clinical significance of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography fusion imaging (18F-FDG PET/CT) was evaluated for the differential diagnosis, staging and prognosis in MPM patients. Ninety patients who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT scanning due to a clinical diagnosis or suspicion of MPM prior to therapy were reviewed.

Preparation and evaluation of orally rapidly disintegrating tablets containing taste-masked particles using one-step dry-coated tablets technology.

In this study, in order to address the problems with manufacturing orally rapidly disintegrating tablets (ODT) containing functional (taste masking or controlled release) coated particles, such as the low compactability of coated particles and the rupture of coated membrane during compression, a novel ODT containing taste-masked coated particles (TMP) in the center of the tablets were prepared using one-step dry-coated tablets (OSDrC) technology. As a reference, physical-mixture tablets (PM) were prepared by a conventional tableting method, and the properties of the tablets and the effect of compression on the characteristics of TMP were evaluated. OSDrC was found to have higher tensile strength and far lower friability than PM, but the oral disintegration time of OSDrC is slightly longer than that of PM following high compression pressure.

Pleural defect repair with an overlapping method using fibrin glue-coated collagen fleece.

Purpose: Collagen fleece coated with fibrin glue (TachoComb; CSL Behring, Tokyo, Japan) is a tissue adhesive and sealant used to stop hemorrhage and air leakage. We assessed the efficacy of overlapping methods combined with the use of TachoComb to repair pleural defects.

Methods: Using a beagle animal model, circular and square defects were created on the pulmonary pleura and then repaired with TachoComb patches of varying minimum overlap widths (MOW).

[Bronchial carcinoid discovered due to repeated pneumonia in the lingular division of the left lung; report of a case].

Bronchial carcinoids are relatively rare, low-grade malignancies. Here we report a case of a bronchial carcinoid found by repeated pneumonia in the lingular division of the left lung. A 34-year-old man was referred to our hospital because of an abnormal shadow detected in an annual checkup.

A pilot study of mRNA expressions of 5-fluorouracil pathway genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and tumor tissues in patients with lung adenocarcinoma.

To assess whether early lung cancer prediction might be informed by an mRNA assay for 5-fluorouracil pathway genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs), we examined specimens taken from 51 adenocarcinoma patients and 38 controls (including six patients with benign tumors). PBMNCs and tumor-tissue specimens were taken for measurement of the mRNAs of various 5-fluorouracil pathway genes [thymidylate synthase (TS), dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), thymidine phosphorylase (TP), and orotate phosphoribosyl transferase (OPRT)]. By quantitative RT-PCR, all four mRNAs were detected in both PBMNCs and tumor tissues.

Efficacy of peritoneal oxygenation using a novel artificial oxygen carrier (TRM-645) in a rat respiratory insufficiency model.

Purpose: Supplemental oxygenation is essentially important in critically ill patients with potentially reversible pulmonary insufficiency. An extracorporeal membrane oxygenator and percutaneous cardiopulmonary support have been used for these patients. However, these techniques are associated with so many complications that an additional new therapeutic modality is required.

[Bronchoscopic follow-up of secondary racemose hemangioma of the bronchial artery].

A 63-year-old woman with cystic bronchiectasis who had been treated in our institute was admitted for recurrent prolonged hemoptysis. Bronchoscopic examination showed bloody discharges in the left basal bronchus and a bulging polypoid lesion covered with intact bronchial mucosa in the left B8. In comparison with the bronchoscopic examination 6 years ago, the lesion was larger and the mucosal color changed more injected.

[Analysis of endobronchial aspergillosis in patients without obvious systemic predisposing factors].

Background: Endobronchial aspergillosis is still an insufficiently recognized concept.

Patients And Methods: Ten patients who did not have obvious predisposing factors and parenchymal fungal infection were analyzed. They were confirmed to have endobronchial Aspergillus by histology and culture, and were classified according to the presence of bronchiectasis, allergic reaction, and asthmatic symptom.

LAT1 expression in non-small-cell lung carcinomas: analyses by semiquantitative reverse transcription-PCR (237 cases) and immunohistochemistry (295 cases).

Objective: System l-amino acid transport mediates the uptake of aromatic neutral amino acids and nutritionally essential amino acids from extracellular fluids. Little is known about the role of l-amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1), a member of the system l-amino acid transporter family, in non-small-cell lung carcinomas (NSCLCs).

Patients And Methods: We examined (i) LAT1 mRNA levels in 40 normal lung tissues (NLTs) and 237 NSCLCs using semiquantitative RT-PCR, (ii) LAT1 protein expression in 295 NSCLCs using immunohistochemistry, and (iii) whether LAT1 mRNA and protein expressions were related to clinicopathologic findings and outcome.