Effect of multidrug therapy on the prognosis of Mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease.

Multidrug therapy for Mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease (MAC-PD) results in negative sputum cultures. However, the prognostic value of this treatment approach remains unclear. This study aimed to clarify whether multidrug therapy reduces the incidence of events related to MAC-PD and improves the mortality rate.

Practical Utility of a Clinical Pathway for Older Patients with Aspiration Pneumonia: A Single-Center Retrospective Observational Study.

: Clinical pathways (CPWs) are patient management tools based on a standardized treatment plan aimed at improving quality of care. This study aimed to investigate whether CPW-guided treatment has a favorable impact on the outcomes of hospitalized older patients with aspiration pneumonia. : This retrospective study included patients with aspiration pneumonia, aged ≥ 65 years, and hospitalized at a community hospital in Japan.

Usual Interstitial Pneumonia Pattern Interstitial Lung Disease Developed in a Patient with IgG4-related Chronic Sclerosing Sialadenitis.

A 69-year-old man was diagnosed with immunoglobulin (Ig) G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) at 62 years old. At that time, he had high serum IgG4 levels and bilateral submandibular gland swelling on CT; thus, a gland biopsy was performed. Because a reticular shadow was found on chest CT, a lung surgical biopsy was also performed.

Obstructive Pneumonia Associated with Endobronchial Aspergilloma: Successful Treatment with Interventional Bronchoscopy and Antifungals.

Endobronchial aspergilloma is a rare disease. A 64-year-old man with severe diabetes mellitus developed a cough and fever and was referred to our hospital. He was diagnosed with obstructive pneumonia associated with endobronchial aspergilloma, underwent interventional bronchoscopy, and was treated with antifungals.

The usefulness of a combination of age, body mass index, and blood urea nitrogen as prognostic factors in predicting oxygen requirements in patients with coronavirus disease 2019.

Introduction: Risk factors for seriously ill coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) patients have been reported in several studies. However, to date, few studies have reported simple risk assessment tools for distinguishing patients becoming severely ill after initial diagnosis. Hence, this study aimed to develop a simple clinical risk nomogram predicting oxygenation risk in patients with COVID-19 at the first triage.

Prognostic value of geriatric nutritional risk index for aspiration pneumonia: a retrospective observational cohort study.

Background: The clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of aspiration pneumonia remain poorly defined. Geriatric nutrition risk index (GNRI) has recently been reported to exhibit a prognostic value for several diseases in older adults.

Aims: We investigated the clinical characteristics and prognostic significance of GNRI for aspiration pneumonia in older adult patients.

A Case of Lung Adenocarcinoma with Long-Term Response after Late-Onset Pembrolizumab-Induced Acute Adrenal Insufficiency.

Pembrolizumab is an anti-programmed cell death protein-1 antibody that is mainly used for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Immune-related adverse events can be caused by immune checkpoint inhibitors; however, few case reports evaluate the prognosis of patients with NSCLC with late-onset immune-related adverse events. In this case, a 63-year-old man with stage IVA lung adenocarcinoma received pembrolizumab as first-line therapy and achieved a complete response.

Blood urea nitrogen-to-serum albumin ratio and A-DROP are useful in assessing the severity of Pneumocystis pneumonia in patients without human immunodeficiency virus infection.

Introduction: There is an increasing incidence of Pneumocystis pneumonia (PcP) among individuals without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (non-HIV PcP). However, prognostic factors for patients with non-HIV PcP have not been identified. Moreover, A-DROP (for classifying the severity of community-acquired pneumonia) or the blood urea nitrogen-to-serum albumin ratio (BUN/Alb), which is reported to be a predictor of mortality of community-acquired pneumonia, has not been established as an efficient prognostic factor in patients with non-HIV PcP.

Successful recovery from critical COVID-19 pneumonia with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: A case report.

A public health emergency of current international concern is the outbreak of a severe respiratory illness, that is, coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The disease initially started in Wuhan, China, and it rapidly spread to most regions of the world. Herein, we report a case of critical COVID-19 pneumonia treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation from symptom onset day 19 (SOD#19) to SOD#30.

Prognosis of patients with acute exacerbation of combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema: a retrospective single-centre study.

Background: Previous analyses of combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE) cohorts have provided conflicting data on the survival of patients with CPFE. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the clinical prognosis of acute exacerbations (AE) of CPFE.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who had been treated at the Shinshu University Hospital (Matsumoto, Japan) between 2003 and 2017.

A Four-Center Retrospective Study of the Efficacy and Toxicity of Low-Dose Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole for the Treatment of Pneumocystis Pneumonia in Patients without HIV Infection.

The dose of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) for the treatment of pneumonia (PCP) in patients without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has not been verified. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and toxicity of a low-dose TMP-SMX regimen in such patients. A retrospective study was conducted in four hospitals.

[Successful Treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer with Afatinib after Gefitinib-Induced Hepatotoxicity].

A 71-year-old man was referred to our hospital for treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer (adenocarcinoma of the lungs, with multiple bone metastases, cT1bN0M1b, harboring an EGFR mutation [exon 19 deletion]). Gefitinib was administered as daily oral doses of 250 mg. After 18 days, gefitinib was discontinued because of hepatotoxicity (Grade 3).