Steroids with prominent cytotoxic activity against non-small cell lung cancer cells from the Strophanthus divaricatus.

Four previously undescribed steroids, named sarmutogenin diginoside, sarmutogenin oleandroside, 16-hydroxy-17βH sarmutogenin digitaloside and 12-dehydroxy sarmutogenin diginoside (1-4), along with eight known ones (5-12) were isolated from the stems and leaves of Strophanthus divaricatus. The chemical structures of the new compounds including their absolute configurations, were characterized by extensive spectroscopic methods, electronic circular dichroism (ECD), X-ray diffraction, as well as comparison with literature data. Most of the isolated compounds demonstrated superior antiproliferative activities against A549 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells compared to cisplatin, a first-line treatment regimen for NSCLC.

Racial and Ethnic Differences in Long-Term Outcomes among Individuals with Opioid Use Disorder at Opioid Treatment Programs.

Objectives: Racial and ethnic differences in long-term outcomes associated with medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) are poorly understood.

Methods: The present analyses were based on 751 participants with opioid use disorder (OUD) who were initially recruited from opioid treatment programs located in California, Connecticut, Oregon, Pennsylvania, and Washington and participated in a randomized controlled trial and at least one follow-up interview. 9.

An Outbreak of Human Adenovirus Infection Among Children Post COVID-19 Pandemic in Southern China.

Human adenovirus (HAdV) is an important pathogen causing pediatric acute respiratory illness (ARI) before COVID-19 pandemic. Since January 2023, China has reported ARI outbreaks attributed to Mycoplasma pneumoniae and other respiratory viruses. In this study, a total of 276 737 pediatric patients with ARI were enrolled from January 2023 to April 2024.

Application of computed tomography angiography imaging in coronary heart disease screening and analysis of associated risk factors.

Background: Coronary heart disease (CHD) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Early detection and risk stratification are crucial for effective management. This study evaluates the efficacy of coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) in CHD screening and analyses its correlation with traditional risk factors in an asymptomatic population.

Medications for Opioid Use Disorder Among Transition Age Youth Compared to Adults 26 or Older in Rural Settings.

Objective: Transition age youth (TAY), aged 18 to 25 years, face barriers to medication treatment for opioid use disorder (MOUD), resulting in lower retention. We evaluated OUD prevalence and MOUD receipt comparing TAY to adults aged 26 or older residing in rural settings.

Method: Electronic health records (October 2019 to January 2021) for 36,762 patients across 6 primary care clinics involved in a large feasibility trial in US rural communities were analyzed.

Impact of COVID-19 on MOUD retention in a sample of rural primary care patients: A secondary analysis of electronic health records.

Introduction: There is limited research examining factors impacting MOUD retention in rural settings, especially within the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Using electronic health records data collected as part of a NIDA Clinical Trials Network study (CTN-0102), this study explored how the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic may have impacted MOUD retention in a sample of 563 rural primary care patients.

Methods: Cox regression model was applied to examine if COVID-19 was related to treatment retention, controlling for demographics, clinic, insurance type, and other diagnoses.

Evaluation of finite element modeling methods for predicting compression screw failure in a custom pelvic implant.

Three-dimensional (3D)-printed custom pelvic implants have become a clinically viable option for patients undergoing pelvic cancer surgery with resection of the hip joint. However, increased clinical utilization has also necessitated improved implant durability, especially with regard to the compression screws used to secure the implant to remaining pelvic bone. This study evaluated six different finite element (FE) screw modeling methods for predicting compression screw pullout and fatigue failure in a custom pelvic implant secured to bone using nine compression screws.

A scoping review of social determinants of health's impact on substance use disorders over the life course.

Background: Substance use is a public crisis in the U.S. Substance use can be understood as a series of events in the life course, from initiation to mortality.

Near-infrared-II photocharging nanozyme for enhanced tumor immunotherapy.

In tumor therapy, copper (Cu)-based nanozymes with peroxidase-like activity play a crucial role in converting hydrogen peroxide into hydroxyl radicals (OH). This process induces immunogenic cell death, which in turn activates the body's immune response, enhancing the efficacy of tumor immunotherapy. Nonetheless, the efficiency of this reaction is curtailed due to the oxidation of Cu(I) to Cu(II), leading to the self-depletion of the nanozyme's activity and an insufficient yield of OH for effective immunotherapeutic activation.

Flexocatalysis Enhances Tumor Photodynamic Therapy.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is long-standing suffered from elevated tumor interstitial fluid pressure (TIFP) and prevalent hypoxic microenvironment within the solid malignancies. Herein, sound-activated flexocatalysis is developed to overcome the dilemma of PDT through both enhancing tumor penetration of photosensitizers by reducing TIFP and establishing an oxygen-rich microenvironment. In detail, a Schottky junction is constructed by flexocatalyst MoSe nanoflowers and Pt.

Quorum sensing mediated response mechanism of anammox consortia to anionic surfactant: Molecular simulation and molecular evidence.

The widespread use of surfactants raise challenges to biological wastewater treatment. Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process has the potential to treat wastewater containing anionic surfactants, but the response of anammox consortia at the molecular level under long-term exposure is unclear. Using high-throughput sequencing and gene quantification, combined with molecular docking, the effect of sodium dodecyl sulfonate (SDS) on anammox consortia were investigated.

The electrochemistry of stable sulfur isotopes versus lithium.

Sulfur in nature consists of two abundant stable isotopes, with two more neutrons in the heavy one (S) than in the light one (S). The two isotopes show similar physicochemical properties and are usually considered an integral system for chemical research in various fields. In this work, a model study based on a Li-S battery was performed to reveal the variation between the electrochemical properties of the two S isotopes.

A Fast-Charge Graphite Anode with a Li-Ion-Conductive, Electron/Solvent-Repelling Interface.

Graphite has been serving as the key anode material of rechargeable Li-ion batteries, yet is difficultly charged within a quarter hour while maintaining stable electrochemistry. In addition to a defective edge structure that prevents fast Li-ion entry, the high-rate performance of graphite could be hampered by co-intercalation and parasitic reduction of solvent molecules at anode/electrolyte interface. Conventional surface modification by pitch-derived carbon barely isolates the solvent and electrons, and usually lead to inadequate rate capability to meet practical fast-charge requirements.

Medication-based treatment among rural, primary care patients diagnosed with opioid use disorder and alcohol use disorder.

Introduction: Opioid and alcohol use disorders are increasingly being addressed in primary care, yet how medications to treat these disorders are prescribed in rural regions is unknown.

Methods: We determined prevalence, types, and duration of medication prescription for opioid and/or alcohol use disorder among adult patients in rural primary clinics. The sample included 1874 adult patients who visited one of six rural primary care sites in the Northeastern and Northwestern United States at least once from October 2019 to January 2021 and had a diagnosis code for opioid use disorder (OUD), alcohol use disorder (AUD), or co-occurring opioid and alcohol use disorder (OUD + AUD) during that time.

An Injectable silk-based hydrogel as a novel biomineralization seedbed for critical-sized bone defect regeneration.

The healing process of critical-sized bone defects urges for a suitable biomineralization environment. However, the unsatisfying repair outcome usually results from a disturbed intricate milieu and the lack of in situ mineralization resources. In this work, we have developed a composite hydrogel that mimics the natural bone healing processes and serves as a seedbed for bone regeneration.

Flexocatalytic Reduction of Tumor Interstitial Fluid/Solid Pressure for Efficient Nanodrug Penetration.

The practical efficacy of nanomedicines for treating solid tumors is frequently low, predominantly due to the elevated interstitial pressure within such tumors that obstructs the penetration of nanomedicines. This increased interstitial pressure originates from both liquid and solid stresses related to an undeveloped vascular network and excessive fibroblast proliferation. To specifically resolve the penetration issues of nanomedicines for tumor treatment, this study introduces a holistic "dual-faceted" approach.

4mCPred-GSIMP: Predicting DNA N4-methylcytosine sites in the mouse genome with multi-Scale adaptive features extraction and fusion.

The epigenetic modification of DNA N4-methylcytosine (4mC) is vital for controlling DNA replication and expression. It is crucial to pinpoint 4mC's location to comprehend its role in physiological and pathological processes. However, accurate 4mC detection is difficult to achieve due to technical constraints.

Referral of patients from rural primary care clinics to telemedicine vendors for opioid use disorder treatment: A mixed-methods study.

Introduction: Rural primary care clinics can expand their medication treatment for opioid use disorder (MOUD) capacity by coordinating care with external telemedicine (TM) vendors specializing in addiction medicine. This study used mixed methods to identify factors that influence patient referrals from rural primary care clinics to TM vendors for MOUD.

Methods: Between July/August 2020 and January/February 2021, 582 patients with OUD were identified across six primary care sites; that included 68 referred to an external TM vendor to receive MOUD.

Co-occurring substance use disorders among patients with opioid use disorder in rural primary care clinics.

Background: Co-occurring substance use disorders (SUDs) among individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD) are associated with additional impairment, overdose, and death. This study examined characteristics of patients who have OUD with and without co-occurring SUDs in rural primary care clinics.

Methods: Secondary analysis used electronic health record (EHR) data from six rural primary care clinics, including demographics, diagnoses, encounters, and prescriptions of medication for OUD (MOUD), as well as EHR data from an external telemedicine vendor that provided MOUD to some clinic patients.

Multivariable non-singular terminal composite sliding mode control of gas-water-coal mixture lifting system.

In order to ensure the stability of flow rate and valve pressure difference during gas-water-coal mixture lifting, a multivariable non-singular terminal composite sliding mode (MNTCSM) controller based on accurate feedback linearization is proposed. The multi-input multi-output nonlinear system with time delay and coupling is transformed into a multi-input multi-output uncoupled linear system by using an improved Smith predictor and accurate feedback linearization. At the same time, the MNTCSM controller is designed to make the flow and pressure tracking errors of the decoupling system converge to zero in a finite time.

RNA-seq revealed the anti-pyroptotic effect of suramin by suppressing NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD pathway in LPS-induced MH-S alveolar macrophages.

Background: Acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), acting as one common sepsis-associated organ injury, induces uncontrolled and self-amplifies pulmonary inflammation. Given the lack of clinically effective approaches, the mortality rate of it still remains high. Suramin(SUR), as an antiparasitic drug initially, was found to ameliorate sepsis associated ALI in our previous work.

SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine requires signal peptide to induce antibody responses.

New SARS-CoV-2 variants continue to prevail worldwide, and effective vaccines are needed to prevent an epidemic. mRNA vaccines are gradually being applied to the prevention and control of infectious diseases with significant safety and effectiveness. The spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2 is the main target of mRNA vaccine design, but the impact of the signal peptide (SP), transmembrane region (TM), and cytoplasmic tail (CT) on mRNA vaccine remains unclear.

Telemedicine-delivered treatment for substance use disorder: A scoping review.

Introduction: The COVID pandemic prompted a significant increase in the utilization of telemedicine (TM) for substance use disorder (SUD) treatment. As we transition towards a "new normal" policy, it is crucial to comprehensively understand the evidence of TM in SUD treatment. This scoping review aims to summarize existing evidence regarding TM's acceptability, quality, effectiveness, access/utilization, and cost in the context of SUD treatment in order to identify knowledge gaps and inform policy decisions regarding TM for SUDs.

Medication treatment for opioid use disorder among rural primary care patients.

Purpose: To investigate the prevalence of opioid use disorder (OUD) and medication treatment for OUD (MOUD) receipt in rural primary care settings and identify characteristics associated with MOUD among patients with OUD.

Methods: Secondary analyses based on electronic health records of all adult patients who visited 1 of the 6 rural primary care clinic sites from October 2019 to January 2021. Mixed effects logistic regression was conducted to assess MOUD receipt (Y/N) in relation to patient characteristics (eg, demographics, other substance use disorders [SUDs], mental health disorders, and chronic pain) and the number of MOUD prescribers per clinic.