Multi-omics analysis reveals the allelic variation in JrWDRC2A9 and JrGPIAP conferring resistance against anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) in walnut (Juglans regia).

Walnut anthracnose induced by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is a devastating disease that seriously threatens walnut cultivation. Screening novel resistance genes and exploring the molecular mechanisms are essential for disease-resistant genetic improvement of walnut. We conducted a genome-wide association studies of disease resistance traits based on the relative resistance index and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) obtained from 182 resequenced walnut accessions and 10 loci and corresponding candidate genes associated with resistance against C.

A High-Resolution Crystallographic Study of Cytochrome c6: Structural Basis for Electron Transfer in Cyanobacterial Photosynthesis.

Cyanobacterial cytochrome c6 (Cyt c6) is crucial for electron transfer between the cytochrome b6f complex and photosystem I (PSI), playing a key role in photosynthesis and enhancing adaptation to extreme environments. This study investigates the high-resolution crystal structures of Cyt c6 from PCC 7942 and PCC 6803, focusing on its dimerization mechanisms and functional implications for photosynthesis. Cyt c6 was expressed in using a dual-plasmid co-expression system and characterized in both oxidized and reduced states.

Engineered mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles: kill tumors and protect organs.

Solid tumors cause 90% of cancers and remain the primary cause of mortality. However, treating solid tumors presents significant challenges due to the complex tumor microenvironment and drug resistance, leading to inadequate treatment targeting and severe side effects. Surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy Although it is an effective method for the treatment of solid tumors, it can lead to organ dysfunction and affect patient prognosis.

A meta-analysis of ultrasound-guided stellate ganglion block on the quality of recovery after cancer surgery.

Background: Pain is a prevalent symptom among patients with cancer, significantly impacting their health and quality of life. Stellate ganglion block (SGB) has been employed as a diagnostic, prognostic, or therapeutic intervention for various pain syndromes. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to examine the effects of ultrasound-guided SGB on postoperative recovery quality and other functional indicators following cancer surgery.

Nanoparticles target M2 macrophages to silence kallikrein-related peptidase 12 for the treatment of tuberculosis and drug-resistant tuberculosis.

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are involved in the breakdown of lung extracellular matrix and the consequent release of Mycobacterium tuberculosis into the airways. Recent studies indicate that kallikrein-related peptidase 12 (KLK12) regulate MMP-1 and MMP-9, suggesting that targeting the KLK12 gene could be a promising tuberculosis (TB) treatment. To maximise therapeutic potential, this strategy of silencing KLK12 needs to be delivered to the pathogenic cell population while preserving the immunoprotective and tissue homeostatic functions of other lung macrophages.

A cardioviral 2C-ATP complex structure reveals the essential role of a conserved arginine in regulation of cardioviral 2C activity.

Unlabelled: 2C is a highly conserved picornaviral non-structural protein with ATPase activity and plays a multifunctional role in the viral life cycle as a promising target for anti-picornavirus drug development. While the structure-function of enteroviral 2Cs have been well studied, cardioviral 2Cs remain largely uncharacterized. Here, an endogenous ATP molecule was identified in the crystal structure of 2C from encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV, Cardiovirus A).

Chitosan-alginate/R8 ternary polyelectrolyte complex as an oral protein-based vaccine candidate induce effective mucosal immune responses.

Vaccination is the most effective method for preventing infectious diseases. Oral vaccinations have attracted much attention due to the ability to boost intestinal and systemic immunity. The focus of this study was to develop a poly (lactide-co-glycolide) acid (PLGA)-based ternary polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) with chitosan, sodium alginate, and transmembrane peptides R8 for the delivery of antigen proteins.

Reactivity-matched synthesis of monodisperse Ag(In,Ga)S QDs with efficient luminescence.

I-III-VI quantum dots (QDs) have gained widespread attention owing to their significant advantages of non-toxicity, large structural tolerance, and efficient photoluminescence potential. However, the disbalance of reactivity between the elements will result in undesired products and compromised optical properties. Reducing the activity of highly reactive group IB elements is the most common approach, but it will reduce the overall reactivity and lead to a wide dispersion of QD sizes.

Mango wiggler as a novel insertion device providing a large and symmetrical imaging field of view.

A novel insertion device is introduced, designated as the Mango wiggler, designed for synchrotron radiation (SR) imaging that provides a large field of view. This innovative device is constructed from two orthogonal planar wigglers with a small difference in their period lengths, eliciting the phase difference of the magnetic fields to incrementally transitions from 0 to π/2. Such a configuration enlarges the vertical divergence of the light source, as with the horizontal divergence.

Selenium nanoparticles enhance mucosal immunity against Mycobacterium bovis infection.

Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) enhance the immune response as adjuvants, increasing the efficacy of viral vaccines, including those for COVID-19. However, the efficiency of mucosal SeNPs in boosting vaccine-induced protective immunity against tuberculosis remains unclear. Therefore, this study aims to investigate whether the combination of SeNPs with the AH antigen (Ag85A-HspX) can boost respiratory mucosal immunity and thereby enhance the protective effects against tuberculosis.

Impact of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α on Host Immune Metabolism and Tissue Damage During Mycobacterium bovis Infection.

Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is a pivotal regulator of metabolic and inflammatory responses. This study investigated the role of HIF-1α in Mycobacterium bovis infection and its effects on host immune metabolism and tissue damage. We evaluated the expression of immunometabolism markers and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in cells infected with M.

A step towards 6D WAXD tensor tomography.

X-ray scattering/diffraction tensor tomography techniques are promising methods to acquire the 3D texture information of heterogeneous biological tissues at micrometre resolution. However, the methods suffer from a long overall acquisition time due to multi-dimensional scanning across real and reciprocal space. Here, a new approach is introduced to obtain 3D reciprocal information of each illuminated scanning volume using mathematic modeling, which is equivalent to a physical scanning procedure for collecting the full reciprocal information required for voxel reconstruction.

Multicomponent Pathogen-Mimicking Nanoparticles Induce Intestinal Immune Responses against Paratuberculosis.

Given the worldwide problem posed by enteric pathogens, the discovery of safe and efficient intestinal adjuvants combined with novel antigen delivery techniques is essential to the design of mucosal vaccines. In this work, we designed poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)-based nanoparticles (NPs) to codeliver all-trans retinoic acid (atRA), novel antigens, and CpG. To address the insolubility of the intestinal adjuvant atRA, we utilized PLGA to encapsulate atRA and form a "nanocapsid" with polydopamine.

Analysis and Prevention of Rock Burst Risk of Working Face under the Influence of Continuous Irregular Triangular Coal Pillar Stress Concentration Area.

Irregular coal pillars inevitably appear in the layout of the current long-wall mining method, which easily forms stress concentrations and becomes a heavy disaster area of rock burst. In order to solve the impact risk of irregular coal pillar working face, it is necessary to study the instability mechanism of the coal pillar and put forward effective prevention and control measures. Based on the research background of 14320 working face of the Dongtan Coal Mine in the Yanzhou mining area of China, this paper studies the prediction and prevention of rock bursts in this kind of coal pillar by means of theoretical calculation, numerical simulation, engineering analogy, and field monitoring.

Towards full-stack deep learning-empowered data processing pipeline for synchrotron tomography experiments.

Synchrotron tomography experiments are transitioning into multifunctional, cross-scale, and dynamic characterizations, enabled by new-generation synchrotron light sources and fast developments in beamline instrumentation. However, with the spatial and temporal resolving power entering a new era, this transition generates vast amounts of data, which imposes a significant burden on the data processing end. Today, as a highly accurate and efficient data processing method, deep learning shows great potential to address the big data challenge being encountered at future synchrotron beamlines.

An efficient ptychography reconstruction strategy through fine-tuning of large pre-trained deep learning model.

With pre-trained large models and their associated fine-tuning paradigms being constantly applied in deep learning, the performance of large models achieves a dramatic boost, mostly owing to the improvements on both data quantity and quality. Next-generation synchrotron light sources offer ultra-bright and highly coherent X-rays, which are becoming one of the largest data sources for scientific experiments. As one of the most data-intensive scanning-based imaging methodologies, ptychography produces an immense amount of data, making the adoption of large deep learning models possible.

A general image misalignment correction method for tomography experiments.

Tomography experiments generate three-dimensional (3D) reconstructed slices from a series of two-dimensional (2D) projection images. However, the mechanical system generates joint offsets that result in unaligned 2D projections. This misalignment affects the reconstructed images and reduces their actual spatial resolution.

The E301R protein of African swine fever virus functions as a sliding clamp involved in viral genome replication.

Sliding clamp is a highly conserved protein in the evolution of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. The sliding clamp is required for genomic replication as a critical co-factor of DNA polymerases. However, the sliding clamp analogs in viruses remain largely unknown.

A high-throughput big-data orchestration and processing system for the High Energy Photon Source.

High-data-throughput and multimodal-acquisition experiments will prevail in next-generation synchrotron beamlines. Orchestrating dataflow pipelines connecting the data acquisition, processing, visualization and storage ends are becoming increasingly complex and essential for enhancing beamline performance. Mamba Data Worker (MDW) has been developed to address the data challenges for the forthcoming High Energy Photon Source (HEPS).