Neuroprotection of rhubarb extract against cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion injury via the gut-brain axis pathway.

Background: The gut-brain axis (GBA) plays a central role in cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI). Rhubarb, known for its purgative properties, has demonstrated protective effects against CIRI. However, it remains unclear whether this protective effect is achieved through the regulation of the GBA.

Aroma improvement of dealcoholized Merlot red wine using edible flowers.

There is an increasing market share of dealcoholized wines due to rise in patronage by wine consumers. However, the aroma of such wines deteriorates the more the alcohol content is reduced. Improving the aroma with edible flowers may curb this problem.

A 14-b 20-MS/s 78.8 dB-SNDR Energy-Efficient SAR ADC With Background Mismatch Calibration and Noise-Reduction Techniques for Portable Medical Ultrasound Systems.

This paper presents a 14-b 20-MS/s energy-efficient SAR ADC in 65-nm CMOS technology for portable medical ultrasound systems. To break the limitation of the ADC linearity on the DAC size in a SAR ADC, a background mismatch calibration technique is employed. As a result, the thermal noise will be the major constraint for the DAC size.

Comparison between Membrane and Thermal Dealcoholization Methods: Their Impact on the Chemical Parameters, Volatile Composition, and Sensory Characteristics of Wines.

Over the last few years, the dealcoholization of wine has piqued the interest of winemakers and researchers. Physical dealcoholization methods are increasingly used in the dealcoholization of wines because they can partially or completely reduce the alcohol content of wines. This study aimed to compare the chemical parameters, volatile composition and sensory quality of white, rosé and red wines dealcoholized by two physical dealcoholization methods: reverse osmosis (RO) and vacuum distillation (VD) at 0.

Addition of immunotherapy to chemotherapy for metastatic triple-negative breast cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.

Background: One of the front treatment regimens used for metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC) is treatment with programmed death-1 (PD-1) or programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) blockade combine with chemotherapy. However, the results of such studies have been controversial.

Methods: A systematic searched of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and the proceedings of the last 5 years of several meetings until February 18, 2021.

Comprehensive methylation profile of CSF cfDNA revealed pathogenesis and diagnostic markers for early-onset Parkinson's disease.

Early-onset Parkinson's disease (EOPD) is one uncommon Parkinson's disease subtype with characteristic clinicopathological features. The full epigenomic profile of EOPD is largely unknown. We performed the first study to investigate the EOPD full methylation profile of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cell-free DNA (cfDNA) from 26 EOPD patients and 10 control patients.

Proximity-Induced Hybridization Chain Reaction-Based Photoacoustic Imaging System for Amplified Visualization Protein-Specific Glycosylation in Mice.

Glycosylation is a key cellular mechanism that regulates several physiological and pathological functions. Therefore, identification and characterization of specific-protein glycosylation in vivo are highly desirable for studying glycosylation-related pathology and developing personalized theranostic modalities. Herein, we demonstrated a photoacoustic (PA) nanoprobe based on the proximity-induced hybridization chain reaction (HCR) for amplified visual detection of protein-specific glycosylation in vivo.

Rhubarb anthraquinone glycosides protect against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats by regulating brain-gut neurotransmitters.

Rhubarb anthraquinone glycosides (RAGs) have been proven to have significant therapeutic effects on ischemic stroke, and this effect may be related to the microbiome-gut-brain axis. In this study, an HPLC-FLD method was established to measure brain-gut neurotransmitters of rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI), to explore whether the mechanism of RAGs against CIRI is related to the microbiome-gut-brain axis. A Shimadzu ODS-3 C column was used for chromatographic separation, and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), 5-hydroxy indole acetic acid (5-HIAA), glutamic acid (Glu), aspartic acid (Asp), and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) were determined simultaneously.

One-Step Fabrication of Functional Carbon Dots with 90% Fluorescence Quantum Yield for Long-Term Lysosome Imaging.

Compared with semiconductor quantum dots and organic chromophores, carbon dots (CDs)-based lysosome probe with strong emission, an intrinsic targeting ability, and easy synthesis procedure were urgently desired in visualization imaging studies. Herein, we showed that it was possible to produce CDs with the desired properties for lysosome imaging via a one-step hydrothermal treatment of commercial reagents, rose bengal (RB) and branched polyethylenimine (bPEI). The prepared bPEI-RB CDs (P-R CDs) had a high fluorescence quantum yield (FLQY) of 90.

The atypical cadherin flamingo determines the competence of neurons for activity-dependent fine-scale topography.

The topographic projection of afferent terminals into two-dimensional maps is essential for sensory systems to encode the locations of sensory stimuli. In vertebrates, guidance cues are critical for establishing a coarse topographic map, while neuronal activity directs fine-scale topography between adjacent afferent terminals. However, the molecular mechanism underlying activity-dependent fine-scale topography is not well known.

Voxel-wise Optimization of Pseudo Voigt Profile (VOPVP) for Z-spectra fitting in chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI.

Background: Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI is a promising approach for detecting biochemical alterations in cancers and neurological diseases, but the quantification can be challenging. Among numerous quantification methods, Lorentzian difference (LD) is relatively simple and widely used, which employs Lorentzian line-shape as a reference to describe the direct saturation (DS) of water and takes account of difference against experimental CEST spectra data. However, LD often overestimates CEST and nuclear overhauser enhancement (NOE) effects.

Motion correction of chemical exchange saturation transfer MRI series using robust principal component analysis (RPCA) and PCA.

Background: Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI requires the acquisition of multiple saturation-weighted images and can last several minutes. Misalignments among these images, which are often due to the inevitable motion of the subject, will corrupt CEST contrast maps and result in large quantification errors. Therefore, the registration of the CEST series is critical.

Advancing the Strategic Messages Affecting Robot Trust Effect: The Dynamic of User- and Robot-Generated Content on Human-Robot Trust and Interaction Outcomes.

Human-robot interaction (HRI) will soon transform and shift the communication landscape such that people exchange messages with robots. However, successful HRI requires people to trust robots, and, in turn, the trust affects the interaction. Although prior research has examined the determinants of human-robot trust (HRT) during HRI, no research has examined the messages that people received before interacting with robots and their effect on HRT.

The Role of Reciprocity in Verbally Persuasive Robots.

The current research examines the persuasive effects of reciprocity in the context of human-robot interaction. This is an important theoretical and practical extension of persuasive robotics by testing (1) if robots can utilize verbal requests and (2) if robots can utilize persuasive mechanisms (e.g.

Ingrowing Hair: A Case Report.

Cutaneous pili migrans and creeping eruption caused by parasitic diseases may present as a moving linear lesion in skin. The former, caused by a hair shaft or fragment embedded in the superficial skin or middle dermis, is a rare condition characterized by creeping eruption with a black line observed at the advancing end. In exceptionally rare instance, the hair grows inside the skin and burrows in the uppermost dermis, such a condition has been called "ingrown hair.

[Analysis of the phenotype-genotype relationship of hemoglobin Q-Thailand in Guangxi].

Objective: To investigate the hematological and molecular characteristics of hemoglobin Q-Thailand in Guangxi, so as to provide reference data for hemoglobinopathy screening.

Methods: A total of 51088 samples were screened by capillary electrophoresis. Samples suspected with Hb Q-Thailand were processed with blood cell count and DNA sequencing.

An Effort to Increase Organ Donor Registration Through Intergroup Competition and Electronic Word of Mouth.

The effort to increase Web organ donation registrations in Michigan by enhancing 2 types of university campaigns with social media strategies informed by social identity theory is the focus of this research. The two campaigns focused on either ingroup or rivalry outgroup social identification, and each was enhanced with individually focused social media in the first year of the campaign and with electronic word of mouth in Year 2 of the campaign. Results indicated that individually focused social media such as Facebook ads worked well in rivalry campaigns (in which registrations increased two times over baseline) but not in ingroup identification campaigns (in which registrations decreased significantly over baseline when ads were introduced in the first year of each type of campaign).

Reciprocity in computer-human interaction: source-based, norm-based, and affect-based explanations.

Individuals often apply social rules when they interact with computers, and this is known as the Computers Are Social Actors (CASA) effect. Following previous work, one approach to understand the mechanism responsible for CASA is to utilize computer agents and have the agents attempt to gain human compliance (e.g.

Osteopathic medical student learning competency.

The purpose of this paper is to report on the development and implementation of a learning competency assessment survey for first-year medical students. We began by defining learning competencies in a manner that is parallel to the clinical competencies resulting in a self-assessment survey of 1,998 first-year osteopathic medical students from 25 osteopathic medical schools. Results from the online survey indicated that the internal structure of the instrument and the reliability of the items were strong.

Deletion analysis of SMN1 and NAIP genes in Southern Chinese children with spinal muscular atrophy.

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a disorder characterized by degeneration of lower motor neurons and occasionally bulbar motor neurons leading to progressive limb and trunk paralysis as well as muscular atrophy. Three types of SMA are recognized depending on the age of onset, the maximum muscular activity achieved, and survivorship: SMA1, SMA2, and SMA3. The survival of motor neuron (SMN) gene has been identified as an SMA determining gene, whereas the neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein (NAIP) gene is considered to be a modifying factor of the severity of SMA.