Characterization of alternative sPD-1 isoforms reveals that ECD sPD-1 signature predicts an efficient antitumor response.

Soluble PD-1 is a dissociated form of membrane PD-1 broadly present in cancer, infections, or autoimmune diseases. However, the clinical significance of sPD-1 remains controversial due to the uncertainty of its isoforms, origin, and production mechanism. Here, using antibodies specifically binding to the intracellular domain of PD-1, we identified two sPD-1 isoforms in cancers at the protein level: FL sPD-1 containing both the extra- and intracellular domains of PD-1, and ECD sPD-1 containing only the extracellular fragment.

Unraveling the Etiology and Pathogenesis of Multiple Cervical Root Resorption - A Scoping Review.

Introduction: Multiple Cervical Root Resorption (MCRR) is a rare condition characterized by the progressive destruction of the cervical region of multiple tooth roots, leading to significant tooth loss. The etiology and pathogenesis of MCRR remain poorly understood. Existing knowledge is largely derived from case reports/series.

Oxygen Vacancy-Enhanced Selectivity in Aerobic Oxidation of Benzene to Phenol over TiO Photocatalysts.

Photocatalytic oxidation of benzene to phenol using molecular oxygen (O) is a promising alternative to the traditional cumene process. However, the selectivity toward phenol is often poor due to the ring-opening reaction induced by the superoxide radical (⋅O ), which is predominantly produced from the single-electron reduction of O. Herein, we demonstrate that introducing abundant oxygen vacancies (OVs) on the surface of titanium dioxide (TiO) facilitates the activation of O through a two-electron reduction process instead of a single-electron reduction.

Photocatalytic Oxidation of Benzene to Phenol with O over WO Treated by Vacuum-Sealed Annealing.

Photocatalytic oxidation of benzene to phenol using molecular O is one of the most promising sustainable approaches for the green synthesis of phenol. Introducing oxygen vacancies (OVs) on semiconductor surfaces by defect engineering is a promising strategy to enhance the efficiency of benzene oxidation to produce phenol due to the unique functions of OVs in facilitating the charge separation and activation of molecular O. Herein, a vacuum-sealed annealing strategy has been well developed to generate abundant surface OVs on semiconductors, such as WO.

Ultrasonic-Controlled Drug Release Prevents Protumorigenic Transition and Improves Sequential Targeting Effect to Enhance Treatment of Residual Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Insufficient radio-frequency ablation (IRFA) of hepatocellular carcinoma accelerates the recurrence of residual tumor, leading to a poor prognosis. Neutrophils (NEs), as the initial leukocytes to infiltrate the IRFA-associated inflammatory area, were utilized as drug carriers due to their inherent chemotactic properties for targeted delivery of chemotherapy drugs to the inflammatory site where residual tumor persists post-IRFA. Previous research has highlighted that the immunosuppressive cytokines in the tumor microenvironment could promote the transition of NEs into a protumorigenic phenotype.

A novel strategy of dysphagia-oriented matrices bovine tendon collagen-cassava starch composite gels.

Dysphagia foods are designed for individuals with swallowing difficulties to consume safely. Texture-modified diets have become essential in dysphagia management. This study aimed to assess the safety and effectiveness of bovine tendon collagen (BTC) as a texture modifier to alter the starch gel network through a synergistic effect with cassava starch (CS), enhancing its application in dysphagia foods.

NIR-responsive injectable nanocomposite hydrogels with enhanced angiogenesis for promoting full-thickness wound healing.

Angiogenesis plays a vital role in the treatment of full-thickness wounds. Deferoxamine (DFO) has been employed to promote neovascularization, however, smart drug delivery systems are needed to optimize its utilization. In this study, an injectable extracellular matrix (ECM)-mimicking hydrogel (HOG@P&D) was developed by leveraging the dynamic Schiff base and hydrogen bonds among a chitosan derivative (HACC), oxidized alginate (OSA), gelatin, and DFO-loaded polydopamine nanoparticles (P&D) for efficient wound healing.

Doppler ultrasound imaging and shear wave elastography for evaluation of interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy in IgA nephropathy.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the value of Doppler ultrasound imaging and shear wave elastography (SWE) in evaluating renal interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy (IFTA).

Methods: During April 2019 and November 2023, biopsy-proven IgA nephropathy (IgAN) patients were enrolled in our study. Conventional ultrasound, Doppler ultrasound imaging and SWE measurements were performed, and related parameters were collected.

Traditional Chinese medicine Ze-Qi-Tang formula reduces inflammation in mice with asthma by inhibiting PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Asthma is a chronic airway inflammatory disease. The excessive proliferation of airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) is associated with airway remodeling. Ze-Qi-Tang (ZQT) is a popular traditional Chinese medicine preparation and has been confirmed to have therapeutic effects on lung diseases.

Boosting the photocatalytic decontamination efficiency using a supramolecular photoenzyme ensemble.

Continuous industrialization has raised daunting environmental concerns, and there is an urgent need to develop a sustainable strategy to tackle the contamination issues. Here, we report a supramolecular photoenzyme ensemble enabling the harvest of solar energy to remove contaminations in water. The well-sourced oxidoreductase, laccase, is confined into a photoactive hydrogen-bonded organic framework (PHOF) through an in situ encapsulation method.

Impact of Phosphorylation at Various Sites on the Active Pocket of Human Ferrochelatase: Insights from Molecular Dynamics Simulations.

Ferrochelatase (FECH) is the terminal enzyme in human heme biosynthesis, catalyzing the insertion of ferrous iron into protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) to form protoheme IX (Heme). Phosphorylation increases the activity of FECH, and it has been confirmed that the activity of FECH phosphorylated at T116 increases. However, it remains unclear whether the T116 site and other potential phosphorylation modification sites collaboratively regulate the activity of FECH.

Clinical Characteristics and Prognosis of Herpes Zoster Laryngitis With Vocal Fold Immobility.

Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics and prognosis of herpes zoster laryngitis with vocal fold immobility.

Study Design: Retrospective study.

Methods: Clinical characteristics, laryngeal signs on strobolaryngoscopy, imaging examination findings, and outcomes of patients were analyzed retrospectively.

Coordinated action of a gut-liver pathway drives alcohol detoxification and consumption.

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) affects millions of people worldwide, causing extensive morbidity and mortality with limited pharmacological treatments. The liver is considered as the principal site for the detoxification of ethanol metabolite, acetaldehyde (AcH), by aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) and as a target for AUD treatment, however, our recent data indicate that the liver only plays a partial role in clearing systemic AcH. Here we show that a liver-gut axis, rather than liver alone, synergistically drives systemic AcH clearance and voluntary alcohol drinking.

Preparation of S-CN/AgCdS Z-Scheme Heterojunction Photocatalyst and Its Effectively Improved Photocatalytic Performance.

In this study, S-doped graphitic carbon nitride (S-CN) was prepared using the high-temperature polymerization method, and then S-CN/AgCdS heterojunction photocatalyst was obtained using the chemical deposition method through loading Ag-doped CdS nanoparticles (AgCdS NPs) on the surface of S-CN. Experimental results show that the AgCdS NPs were evenly dispersed on the surface of S-CN, indicating that a good heterojunction structure was formed. Compared to S-CN, CdS, AgCdS and S-CN/CdS, the photocatalytic performance of S-CN/AgCdS has been significantly improved, and exhibits excellent photocatalytic degradation performance of Rhodamine B and methyl orange.

Effect of food on the pharmacokinetics and safety profiles of a new PARP inhibitor fuzuloparib capsules in healthy volunteers.

Purpose: This study assessed effect of food on pharmacokinetics (PK) and safety of fuzuloparib capsules.

Methods: A randomized, open-label, two-cycle, two-sequence, crossover clinical trial was conducted. 20 subjects were randomly assigned to 2 groups at a 1:1 ratio.

mRNA-responsive two-in-one nanodrug for enhanced anti-tumor chemo-gene therapy.

The combination of chemotherapy and gene therapy holds great promise for the treatment and eradication of tumors. However, due to significant differences in physicochemical properties between chemotherapeutic agents and functional nucleic acid drugs, direct integration into a single nano-agent is hindered, impeding the design and construction of an effective co-delivery nano-platform for synergistic anti-tumor treatments. In this study, we have developed an mRNA-responsive two-in-one nano-drug for effective anti-tumor therapy by the direct self-assembly of 2'-fluoro-substituted antisense DNA against P-glycoprotein (2'F-DNA) and chemo drug paclitaxel (PTX).

Age-related pharmacokinetics differences were observed between young and elderly populations of a novel PDE5 inhibitor, youkenafil, and its metabolite M459.

Purpose: Youkenafil is a novel oral selective PDE5 inhibitor for treating Erectile Dysfunction. This investigation assessed pharmacokinetics (PK), safety, and tolerability of youkenafil and its main metabolite (M459) after taking 100 mg youkenafil hydrochloride tablets in elderly and young subjects.

Methods: This Phase I, single-center, open-label, parallel-group, single-dose study was conducted on 24 individuals (12 elders and 12 youngsters).

Benign thyroid nodules classified as ACR TI-RADS 4 or 5: Imaging and histological features.

Background: American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (ACR TI-RADS) being most widely applied in clinical practice, there is an overlap in US imaging manifestations between benign and malignant thyroid nodules.

Objectives: To analyze the imaging and histological characteristics of pathological benign thyroid nodules categorized as American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (ACR TI-RADS) 4 or 5, and to explore the correlation between the suspicious sonographic signs resulting in the misdiagnoses and the histopathological features.

Materials And Methods: Overall, 227 benign thyroid nodules (215 patients) in ACR TI-RADS 4 or 5 sampled through surgical excision were analyzed between December 2020 and August 2022.

Efficient orange and red thermally activated delayed fluorescence materials based on 1,8-naphthalimide derivatives.

Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) molecules have emerged as a promising class of third-generation organic light-emitting diode (OLED) emitters that can achieve 100% internal quantum efficiency without the use of noble metals. However, the design of high-efficiency red TADF materials has been challenging due to limitations imposed by the energy-gap law. To overcome this challenge, two new TADF emitters, namely, 6-(4-(diphenylamino)phenyl)-2-phenyl-1-benzo[]isoquinoline-1,3(2)-dione (NI-TPA) and 6-(10-phenothiazin-10-yl)-2-phenyl-1-benzo[]-isoquinoline-1,3(2)-dione (NI-Pz), have been synthesized and characterized.