Integrative leaf anatomy structure, physiology, and metabolome analyses revealed the response to drought stress in sainfoin at the seedling stage.

Introduction: Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciaefolia) is a vital legume forage, and drought is the primary element impeding sainfoin growth.

Objective: The anatomical structure, physiological indexes, and metabolites of the leaves of sainfoin seedlings with a drought-resistant line of P1 (DRL) and a drought-sensitive material of 2049 (DSM) were analyzed under drought (-1.0 MPa) with polyethylene glycol-6000 (PEG-6000).

Enhanced removal of antibiotics and decreased antibiotic resistance genes in the photo-sequencing batch reactor during the aquaculture wastewater treatment.

The performance of photo-sequencing batch reactor (PSBR) in removing multiple antibiotics and nutrients from aquaculture wastewater as well as the antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) proliferation were firstly investigated during the long-term experiments. The operational conditions (i.e.

GmRAV1 regulates regeneration of roots and adventitious buds by the cytokinin signaling pathway in Arabidopsis and soybean.

The division and differentiation of cells are the basis of growth and development. Cytokinin plays an active role in cell growth division and differentiation. The Related to ABI3/VP1 (RAV) family comprises transcription factors in plants and all contain both AP2- and B3-like domains.

A tree-step computational approach to simplify conformational determination of cellobiose and lactose.

Great theoretical attentions have been paid on the conformational preference of individual molecular building blocks of carbohydrates because it is helpful for assignments of the experimental signals and explorations of the biological implications. A tree-step approach is applied here to simplify the conformational determination of phenyl β-cellobioside and benzyl β-lactoside, for which 35 and 23 initial structures are built, respectively. After the high-level calculations, low-energy conformers are determined and then compared with previous experimental and theoretical results.

Building the first hydration shell of deprotonated glycine by the MCMM and ab initio methods.

The first hydration shell of the deprotonated glycine is built up by the discrete hydration model. The potential energy surfaces (PESs) of the deprotonated glycine and its hydration complexes with different number of water molecules have been scanned by the Monte Carlo multiple minimum (MCMM) conformational search analysis with the MMFFs force field. Then the energy-minimized structures are predicted using the high-level ab initio calculations/MP2/6-311++G(d,p).

Influence of tunable external stimuli on the self-assembly of guanosine supramolecular nanostructures studied by atomic force microscope.

The self-assembly of guanosine (G) molecules on solid surfaces is investigated by tapping-mode atomic force microscopy (AFM) upon controlling and introducing external factors (stimuli) to the G stock solution such as incubation time, presence/absence of metal cations, and mechanical shaking. Surprisingly, at different stages of incubation time at room temperature and in the absence of any metal cations in the G stock solution, which are known to be one of the governing factors in forming G-nanostructures, two assembly pathways resulting into two distinct supramolecular nanostructures were revealed. Astonishingly, by introducing a mechanical shaking of the tube containing the G stock solution, one-dimensional (1D) wires of G molecules are observed by AFM, and very interestingly, novel "branched" supramolecular nanostructures are formed.