A375 melanoma-derived lactate controls A375 melanoma phenotypes by inducing macrophage M2 polarization TCA cycle and TGF-β signaling.

Introduction: Macrophage phenotypes have been linked to progression and prognosis of cutaneous melanoma. However, the association between Warburg effect in A375 melanoma and macrophages polarization, as well as the underlying mechanisms, remains less well documented.

Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the effect of lactate derived from A375 melanoma on macrophage polarization, melanoma phenotype responses and the underlying mechanisms.

Research Progress on Tofu Coagulants and Their Coagulation Mechanisms.

Tofu has captivated researchers' attention due to its distinctive texture and enrichment in nutritional elements, predominantly soybean protein. Coagulants play a critical role in promoting coagulation during tofu production, directly influencing its texture, quality, and physicochemical characteristics. Currently, the impact of coagulant characteristics on coagulation, as well as the underlying mechanisms, remain unclear.

Engineering probiotic biohydrogen micro-factories to initiate reductive stress for boosting tumor vulnerability.

Disruption of redox homeostasis profoundly affects cellular metabolism and activities. While oxidative stress is extensively studied in cancer therapies, research on reductive stress remains in its infancy. Molecular hydrogen (H), a well-known antioxidant, holds significant potential to induce reductive stress due to its strong antioxidative properties, making it a promising candidate for cancer therapy.

Pyroptosis: A promising biomarker for predicting colorectal cancer prognosis and enhancing immunotherapy efficacy.

In this editorial, we comment on the article by Zhu published in the recent issue of the . We focus specifically on the characteristics and mechanisms of pyroptosis and the impact of changes in the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) on cancer prognosis. Pyroptosis is a distinct form of programmed cell death; its occurrence can change the TIME and regulate the growth and spread of tumors and therefore is significantly correlated with cancer prognosis.

Solid-State Electrocatalysis in Heteroatom-Doped Alloy Anode Enables Ultrafast Charge Lithium-Ion Batteries.

Electrocatalysis is generally confined to dynamic liquid-solid and gas-solid interfaces and is rarely applicable in solid-state reactions. Here, we report a paradigm shift strategy to exploit electrocatalysis to accelerate solid-state reactions in the context of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). We employ heteroatom doping, specifically boron for silicon and sulfur for phosphorus, to catalyze electrochemical Li-alloying reactions in solid-state electrode materials.

Machine learning-guided realization of full-color high-quantum-yield carbon quantum dots.

Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have versatile applications in luminescence, whereas identifying optimal synthesis conditions has been challenging due to numerous synthesis parameters and multiple desired outcomes, creating an enormous search space. In this study, we present a novel multi-objective optimization strategy utilizing a machine learning (ML) algorithm to intelligently guide the hydrothermal synthesis of CQDs. Our closed-loop approach learns from limited and sparse data, greatly reducing the research cycle and surpassing traditional trial-and-error methods.

Advances in tumor microenvironment and underlying molecular mechanisms of bladder cancer: a systematic review.

Bladder cancer is one of the most frequent malignant tumors of the urinary system. The prevalence of bladder cancer among men and women is roughly 5:2, and both its incidence and death have been rising steadily over the past few years. At the moment, metastasis and recurrence of advanced bladder cancer-which are believed to be connected to the malfunction of multigene and multilevel cell signaling network-remain the leading causes of bladder cancer-related death.

Controllable Double Difluoromethylene Insertions into S-Cu Bonds: (Arylthio)tetrafluoroethylation of Aryl Iodides with TMSCFBr.

A new method of constructing "ArSCFCFCu" from ArSCu and TMSCFBr (TMS=trimethylsilyl) has been developed. The cross-coupling reactions of the obtained "ArSCFCFCu" with diverse aryl iodides (Ar'I) provide an efficient access to Ar'CFCFSAr. Mechanistic studies demonstrate that the "ArSCFCFCu" species were generated through controllable double difluoromethylene insertions into ArS-Cu bonds rather than the 1,2-addition of ArSCu to tetrafluoroethylene.

Metal-organic-framework-confined quantum dots enhance photocurrent signals: A molecularly imprinted photoelectrochemical cathodic sensor for rapid and sensitive tetracycline detection.

Background: Tetracycline (TC), a cost-effective broad-spectrum antibacterial drug, has been excessively utilized in the livestock and poultry industry, leading to a serious overabundance of TC in livestock wastewater. However, conventional analytical methods such as liquid chromatography and gas chromatography face challenges in achieving sensitive detection of trace amounts of TC in complex substrates. Therefore, it is imperative to develop a highly sensitive and anti-interference analytical method for the detection of tetracycline in livestock wastewater.

Solid-Solution or Intermetallic Compounds: Phase Dependence of the Li-Alloying Reactions for Li-Metal Batteries.

Electrochemical Li-alloying reactions with Li-rich alloy phases render a much higher theoretical capacity that is critical for high-energy batteries, and the accompanying phase transition determines the alloying/dealloying reversibility and cycling stability. However, the influence of phase-transition characteristics upon the thermodynamic properties and diffusion kinetic mechanisms among the two categories of alloys, solid-solutions and intermetallic compounds, remains incomplete. Here we investigated three representative Li-alloys: Li-Ag alloy of extended solid-solution regions; Li-Zn alloy of an intermetallic compound with a solid-solution phase of a very narrow window in Li atom concentration; and Li-Al alloy of an intermetallic compound.

Efficiencies of Various in situ Polymerizations of Liquid Electrolytes and the Practical Implications for Quasi Solid-state Batteries.

In situ polymerization of liquid electrolytes is currently the most feasible way for constructing solid-state batteries, which, however, is affected by various interfering factors of reactions and so the electrochemical performance of cells. To disclose the effects from polymerization conditions, two types of generally used in situ polymerizing reactions of ring-opening polymerization (ROP) and double bond radical polymerization (DBRP) were investigated on the aspects of monomer conversion and electrochemical properties (Li -conductivity and interfacial stability). The ROP generated poly-ester and poly-carbonate show a high monomer conversion of ≈90 %, but suffer a poor Li -conductivity of lower than 2×10  S cm at room temperature (RT).

Progress and Perspectives on the Development of Pouch-Type Lithium Metal Batteries.

Lithium (Li) metal batteries (LMBs) are the "holy grail" in the energy storage field due to their high energy density (theoretically >500 Wh kg ). Recently, tremendous efforts have been made to promote the research & development (R&D) of pouch-type LMBs toward practical application. This article aims to provide a comprehensive and in-depth review of recent progress on pouch-type LMBs from full cell aspect, and to offer insights to guide its future development.

Highly Stable 4.6 V LiCoO Cathodes for Rechargeable Li Batteries by Rubidium-Based Surface Modifications.

Among extensively studied Li-ion cathode materials, LiCoO (LCO) remains dominant for portable electronic applications. Although its theoretical capacity (274 mAh g ) cannot be achieved in Li cells, high capacity (≤240 mAh g ) can be obtained by raising the charging voltage up to 4.6 V.

Preparation and Characterization of Multi-Doped Porous Carbon Nanofibers from Carbonization in Different Atmospheres and Their Oxygen Electrocatalytic Properties Research.

Recently, electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) as well as oxygen evolution reaction (OER) hinged on electrospun nanofiber composites have attracted wide research attention. Transition metal elements and heteroatomic doping are important methods used to enhance their catalytic performances. Lately, the construction of electrocatalysts based on metal-organic framework (MOF) electrospun nanofibers has become a research hotspot.

Machine Learning Driven Synthesis of Few-Layered WTe with Geometrical Control.

Reducing the lateral scale of two-dimensional (2D) materials to one-dimensional (1D) has attracted substantial research interest not only to achieve competitive electronic applications but also for the exploration of fundamental physical properties. Controllable synthesis of high-quality 1D nanoribbons (NRs) is thus highly desirable and essential for further study. Here, we report the implementation of supervised machine learning (ML) for the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) synthesis of high-quality quasi-1D few-layered WTe NRs.

Changes of Soybean Protein during Tofu Processing.

Tofu has a long history of use and is rich in high-quality plant protein; however, its production process is relatively complicated. The tofu production process includes soybean pretreatment, soaking, grinding, boiling, pulping, pressing, and packing. Every step in this process has an impact on the soy protein and, ultimately, affects the quality of the tofu.

Structure Analysis and Study of Biological Activities of Condensed Tannins from (L.) Lam and Their Effect on Fresh-Cut Lotus Roots.

(L.) Lam is a mangrove plant that spread in many parts of the world. Though mangrove plant polyphenols have been reported to exhibit many biological activities, little is known about mangrove plant tannins.

Incorporation of poly(sodium allyl sulfonate) branches on corn starch chains for enhancing its sizing properties: Viscosity stability, adhesion, film properties and desizability.

The purpose of this work was to examine the influence of poly(sodium allyl sulfonate) (PSAS) branches on sizing properties of biological macromolecule (corn starch) for exploring a new anionic starch graft copolymer size (S-g-PSAS). Successful synthesis of S-g-PSAS samples was confirmed by energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer. Viscosity stability, adhesion, film properties and desizability of the samples were also investigated.

Deep Learning for Neuroimaging Segmentation with a Novel Data Augmentation Strategy.

Brain insults such as cerebral ischemia and intracranial hemorrhage are critical stroke conditions with high mortality rates. Currently, medical image analysis for critical stroke conditions is still largely done manually, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive. While deep learning algorithms are increasingly being applied in medical image analysis, the performance of these methods still needs substantial improvement before they can be widely used in the clinical setting.

Minimizing Hybrid Dice Loss for Highly Imbalanced 3D Neuroimage Segmentation.

Recent advances in medical image segmentation have largely been driven by the success of deep learning algorithms. However, one main challenge for the training of one- stage segmentation networks is the serious imbalance between the number of examples that are easy and hard to classify or in positive and negative classes. In this paper, we first investigate and compare the strategies that were proposed parallelly to handle one or two of these imbalance problems.

Machine-Learning-Driven Synthesis of Carbon Dots with Enhanced Quantum Yields.

Knowing the correlation of reaction parameters in the preparation process of carbon dots (CDs) is essential for optimizing the synthesis strategy, exploring exotic properties, and exploiting potential applications. However, the integrated screening experimental data on the synthesis of CDs are huge and noisy. Machine learning (ML) has recently been successfully used for the screening of high-performance materials.

Simultaneous leaching of multiple heavy metals from a soil column by extracellular polymeric substances of Aspergillus tubingensis F12.

The use of the biological agents for leaching heavy metals from contaminated soils is a very promising method that is both efficient and eco-friendly. In this study, a fungus Aspergillus tubingensis F12 was reported to possess a strong adsorption capacity for various heavy metal ions and shown to adsorb 90.8% Pb, 68.

Alternations of Blood Pressure Before and After OSA Surgery.

Objective: To investigate the changes of blood pressure (BP) on patients with obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OSA) before and after upper airway surgery.

Design: Case series with chart review.

Setting: Tertiary academic medical center.