Clinical characteristics of children with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis with and without anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody.

Unlabelled: To analyze the clinical characteristics of an overlapping syndrome, MNOS, of anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody (MOG-Ab) coexisting with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis (NMDARE) in children. We included patients with NMDARE at Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University between 2018 and 2022 and conducted a comparison between NMDARE with and without MOG-Ab. Among 163 patients with NMDARE, 15 individuals tested positive for MOG-Ab.

Curvature-Induced Electron Delocalization Activates the Bifunctional Catalytic Activity of COF/MXene for High-Performance Lithium-Sulfur Batteries.

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have shown promise as bifunctional catalysts to simultaneously mitigate shuttle effects and Li dendrite issues of lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries. However, the inherent low conductivity of the COFs has significantly limited their catalytic activity and stability. Herein, bifunctional catalytic activity and durability of the COF/MXene heterostructure are activated by tuning the surface curvatures of COFs interfaced with MXene.

Structural characteristics of intestinal microbiota of domestic ducks with different body sizes.

Domestic ducks are economically important agricultural animals, and their body size is a crucial economic trait. The intestinal flora plays a pivotal role in influencing body metabolism, growth, and development. Currently, no literature is available on the potential effect of the intestinal flora of domestic ducks on body size.

Phyllosphere microbiome assists the hyperaccumulating plant in resisting heavy metal stress.

Phyllosphere microbiome plays an irreplaceable role in maintaining plant health under stress, but its structure and functions in heavy metal-hyperaccumulating plants remain elusive. Here, the phyllosphere microbiome, inhabiting hyperaccumulating (HE) and non-hyperaccumulating ecotype (NHE) of Sedum alfredii grown in soils with varying heavy metal concentration, was characterized. Compared with NHE, the microbial community α-diversity was greater in HE.

Promoting *NO2 Hydrogeneration on Cobalt-doped Copper Oxides for Selective Ammonia Electrosynthesis from Nitrate.

Electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction (NO3RR) driven by renewable energy has attracted extensive attention which can realize nitrate degradation and ammonia production simultaneously under ambient conditions. Copper-based catalysts are the most widely used due to their high activity but are subject to low selectivity owing to intermediate nitrite accumulation. This work has reported cobalt-doped copper oxide (Co/CuO) composites, while introduced Co sites accelerate the hydrogenation of nitrogen species.

Soil cadmium pollution decreases phosphorus-mineralizing microbial diversity and reduces phosphorus availability.

Cadmium (Cd) has become a major environmental concern, adversely affecting soil quality and crop productivity. Cd pollution disrupts soil nutrient cycling, particularly phosphorus (P), which is crucial for plant growth. In this study, we conducted a meta-analysis to assess the impact of Cd on soil phosphorus availability, followed by pot experiments using maize (Zea mays) to investigate the effects of varying Cd concentrations (0, 0.

Exploring Self-Conditioning Co-Sample Strategy of Diffusion Models in Dermoscopic Images.

Generative dataset expansion methods can effectively alleviate the scarcity of data in dermoscopic image segmentation but commonly employ a two-stage synthesis strategy that contains additional learnable components and complex design, which results in high computational resource costs. Diffusion models utilizing a self-conditioning strategy have shown strong potential for efficiently reusing priors in the pipeline without relying on excessively complicated conditioning designs. Inspired by this, we propose a dataset expansion method called SCCS-Diff.

Exploring Contrastive Pre-training for Domain Connections in Medical Image Segmentation.

Unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA) in medical image segmentation aims to improve the generalization of deep models by alleviating domain gaps caused by inconsistency across equipment, imaging protocols, and patient conditions. However, existing UDA works remain insufficiently explored and present great limitations: (i) Exhibit cumbersome designs that prioritize aligning statistical metrics and distributions, which limits the model's flexibility and generalization while also overlooking the potential knowledge embedded in unlabeled data; (ii) More applicable in a certain domain, lack the generalization capability to handle diverse shifts encountered in clinical scenarios. To overcome these limitations, we introduce MedCon, a unified framework that leverages general unsupervised contrastive pre-training to establish domain connections, effectively handling diverse domain shifts without tailored adjustments.

Ionic Liquid Reinforcing Ether Coordination of Localized High Concentration Electrolyte Enables High-Voltage Lithium Metal Batteries.

The decomposition of 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME) in localized high-concentration electrolytes (LHCEs) under high voltage produces fragile and unstable organic fragments at the cathode/electrolyte interphase, which greatly damages the cycling performance of high-energy-density lithium metal batteries. Herein, a robust strategy is proposed by adding ionic liquid of 1-Methyl-1-propyl pyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (PyrTFSI) as co-solvent into the bulk electrolyte to significantly improve the stability of solvated DME through reinforcing the ion-dipole interaction between TFSI and DME. The PyrTFSI can balance the interaction among the electrolyte components to reduce the dynamic de-coordinated DME molecules and promote the formation of anion-derived cathode electrolyte interphase with excellent electrochemical stability and high Li transport dynamics.

Classical swine fever virus recruits ALIX and ESCRT-III to facilitate viral budding.

Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) incurs substantial economic losses in the global swine industry due to its persistent emergence and re-emergence across various countries. However, the precise mechanisms governing CSFV budding remain inadequately understood. Our study elucidates that the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT)-associated protein ALIX, in conjunction with ESCRT-III, plays a pivotal role in orchestrating CSFV budding.

All-fiber chirp tuning of ultrashort pulses via long chirped fiber Bragg grating pair.

Chirp tuning of ultrashort pulses is crucial for nonlinear fiber amplification and nonlinear dynamics investigations. Here we demonstrate all-fiber chirp tuning via a chirped fiber Bragg grating (CFBG) pair. Two identically long CFBGs were placed reversely to cancel out most of their huge dispersion (∼40 ps/nm or ∼22.

Geometric Accuracy and Dimensional Precision in 3D Printing-Based Gear Manufacturing: A Study on Interchangeability and Forming Precision.

This paper investigates the geometric interchangeability and dimensional precision of parts fabricated using Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), with a focus on gear manufacturing. By employing a substrate and two spur gears as test components, critical process parameters, including layer thickness, extrusion speed, and print temperature, were optimized to achieve enhanced accuracy. Geometric and dimensional tolerances such as straightness, roundness, and surface roughness were systematically evaluated using advanced metrological techniques.

Cu promoted electron-rich Bi sites in metal-organic layers for industrial-current-level acidic electroreduction CO to liquid fuel.

Acidic electrocatalytic CO reduction reaction (CORR) is a promising route to prevent unavoidable CO loss to carbonates and crossover of liquid products in conventional alkaline or neutral electrolytes. However, high proton concentration in acid leads to dominant hydrogen evolution reaction, reducing the selectivity towards CORR, especially at industrial-level current. In this work, we report Bi-Cu metal-organic layers (MOLs) with strong electronic interaction, which creates electron-rich Bi active sites.

Regulating Chemical Bonds in Halide Frameworks for Lithium Superionic Conductors.

Developing solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) is a critical task for advancing all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) that promise a high energy density and improved safety. The dominant strategy in engineering advanced SSEs has been substitutional doping, where foreign atoms are introduced into the atomic lattice of a host material to enhance ionic conduction. This enhancement is typically attributed to optimized charge carriers' concentration or lattice structure alterations.

The relationship between nightmares and depression in adolescents: the effect of age and anxiety.

Introduction: Nightmares and depression are prevalent issues among adolescents. This study explores the relationship between nightmares and depression, focusing on the mediating role of anxiety and the moderating effect of age.

Methods: A total of 210 adolescents aged 13 to 24 were surveyed using the Nightmare Distress Questionnaire (NDQ-CV), Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), and Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS).

Facilitated Channeling of Fixed Carbon and Energy into Chemicals in Artificial Phototrophic Communities.

Light-driven CO biovalorization offers a promising route for coupling carbon mitigation with petrochemical replacement. Synthetic phototrophic communities that mimic lichens can reduce the metabolic burden with improved CO utilization. However, inefficient channeling of carbon and energy between species seriously hinders the collaborative CO-to-molecule route.

Lattice-Strain Engineering of High-Entropy-Oxide Nanoparticles: Regulation by Flame Spray Pyrolysis with Ultrafast Quenching.

The lattice-strain engineering of high-entropy-oxide nanoparticles (HEO-NPs) is considered an effective strategy for achieving outstanding performance in various applications. However, lattice-strain engineering independent of the composition variation still confronts significant challenges, with existing modulation techniques difficult to achieve mass production. Herein, a novel continuous-flow synthesis strategy by flame spray pyrolysis (FSP) is proposed, which air varying flow rates is introduced for fast quenching to alter the cooling rate and control the lattice strain of HEO-NPs.

Constructing Robust Interfaces in CoSe/Nitrogen-Doped Carbon for Superior Long-Life Sodium-Ion Storage.

Robust interfaces in anodes play a crucial role in boosting sodium-ion battery (SIB) performance. However, the fragile interfaces constructed by a two-step synthesis or artificial stack are prone to be destroyed during the charging/discharging processes, which significantly reduces the lifetime of SIBs. Here, a facile construction strategy is developed to produce robust interfaces in hollow sphere-like CoSe/nitrogen-doped carbon (HS-CoSe/NC) using intrinsic Co, N, C in metal-organic framework as precursors, which enhance the electron/ion diffusion kinetics.

Research on the impact of county urbanization in Jiangxi Province on carbon budget balance.

Investigating the effects of urbanization at the county level on the balance of the carbon budget is essential for progress toward achieving "dual carbon" objectives at the county scale. Based on land use and economic data, this study elucidates the spatiotemporal evolution of urbanization and carbon budget balance ratio in 84 counties in Jiangxi Province from 1980 to 2020. Optimal geographic detectors and geographically weighted random forests were used to explore the impact of urbanization on the carbon budget balance ratio.

Development of novel nomograms for predicting prostate cancer in biopsy-naive patients with PSA < 10 ng/ml and PI-RADS ≤ 3 lesions.

Purpose: To develop novel nomograms for predicting prostate cancer (PCa) and clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) in patients with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) < 10 ng/ml and PI-RADS v2.1 score ≤ 3.

Methods: We retrospectively collected data from 327 men with PSA < 10 ng/ml and PI-RADS score ≤ 3 from June 2020 to June 2024 in our hospital.

Effects of nonlinear impulsive controls and seasonality on hantavirus infection.

Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) caused by hantavirus is prevalent across China and causes a significant number of deaths every year. This study aims to examine the transmission dynamics of hantavirus and to suggest effective control measures. We extend a periodic model of HFRS infection including house/field mice, contaminated environments, and the human population by introducing nonlinear pulses used to describe impulsive interventions.

Versatile adhesive skin enhances robotic interactions with the environment.

Electronic skins endow robots with sensory functions but often lack the multifunctionality of natural skin, such as switchable adhesion. Current smart adhesives based on elastomers have limited adhesion tunability, which hinders their effective use for both carrying heavy loads and performing dexterous manipulations. Here, we report a versatile, one-size-fits-all robotic adhesive skin using shape memory polymers with tunable rubber-to-glass phase transitions.

Fabrication of Self-Standing Inorganic-Organic Composite Films at a Miscible Interface by "Soft Spray" Technique.

Membranes have extensive applications in catalysis, separation, antimicrobial activities, and sensing. However, developing a simple and environmentally friendly method for preparing membranes remains challenging. Here, we report a novel strategy for fabricating self-standing inorganic-organic composite films at the miscible liquid/liquid interface using a soft spray technique.

Deformation-Induced Electromagnetic Reconfigurable Square Ring Kirigami Metasurfaces.

The continuous expansion of wireless communication application scenarios demands the active tuning of electromagnetic (EM) metamaterials, which is essential for their flexible adaptation to complex EM environments. However, EM reconfigurable systems based on intricate designs and smart materials often exhibit limited flexibility and incur high manufacturing costs. Inspired by mechanical metastructures capable of switching between multistable configurations under repeated deformation, we propose a planar kirigami frequency selective surface (FSS) that enables mechanical control of its resonant frequency.

Energy consumption forecasting for oil and coal in China based on hybrid deep learning.

The consumption forecasting of oil and coal can help governments optimize and adjust energy strategies to ensure energy security in China. However, such forecasting is extremely challenging because it is influenced by many complex and uncertain factors. To fill this gap, we propose a hybrid deep learning approach for consumption forecasting of oil and coal in China.