Boosting chlorobenzene oxidation over MIL-101(Cr) derived CrO catalysts: The stepwise regulation of CrO clusters and oxygen species by calcination atmospheres.

In this work, CrO catalysts derived from MIL-101(Cr) were prepared for the oxidation of chlorobenzene (CB). The atmosphere of calcination had great effect on the physical and chemical properties of the catalysts. Only the atmosphere of Ar could carbonize and preserve the organic ligands in the structure, retaining the micropore structure and high surface area of MIL-101(Cr).

Simultaneous removal of naphthalene and NO over V-Ce/Ti catalyst: Design of separated active sites for naphthalene degradation and SCR reaction.

V-Ce/Ti catalysts were prepared for the removal of naphthalene and NO in the flue gas. The adverse effects of NH and NO on the naphthalene degradation were weakened on V-Ce/Ti, resulting in a decrease of only 2.5 % in CO selectivity.

The modification of surface basicity and its role in naphthalene oxidation: The effect of the basic sites introduced by Ce.

A series of V-xCe/Ti catalysts was prepared by a step impregnation method with gradual increased Ce amount. Compared to the commercial V-W/Ti catalysts, the V-xCe/Ti catalysts exhibited considerably higher CO selectivity during the oxidation of naphthalene (Nap), and less intermediates or by-products were detected both in gas phase and on the surface of the catalysts. Through a series of characterizations, it was found that abundance of weak basic sites in the form of OH was introduced by Ce, as well as the oxygen vacancies caused by the redox cycle of V+Ce↔V+Ce.

Insights into the Efficient Release of the Polyacrylamide Drag Reducer via a pH-Responsive Inverse Polymer Emulsion.

The enormous demand for petroleum consumption has resulted in the shortage of fossil resources, prompting the need to explore unconventional reservoirs. Polyacrylamide emulsion drag reducers are capable of inhibiting the turbulence of fracturing fluids for enhancing the reservoir stimulation results, but the poor dissolution efficiency of polyacrylamide emulsion drag reducers is the primary limitation to their large-scale application. Here, a pH-responsive ionic liquid surfactant, oleic acid/cyclohexanediamine (HOA/HMDA), is synthesized by using oleic acid (HOA) and cyclohexanediamine (HMDA).

A method for evaluating the safety of freeway tunnel sections based on driving comfort - a naturalistic driving study.

Objective: Driving comfort is crucial for tunnel safety because tunnel sections on freeways often introduce significant environmental changes that can compromise comfort and increase the risk of traffic accidents. This study aimed to quantitatively evaluate the driving comfort in tunnel sections and its implications for safety management.

Methods: Four indicators were used to assess the driving comfort: heart rate growth rate (Hrgr), skin conductance response (SCR), speed, and acceleration.

Plasma-Catalytic CO Hydrogenation over a Pd/ZnO Catalyst: Probing of Gas-Phase and Surface Reactions.

Plasma-catalytic CO hydrogenation is a complex chemical process combining plasma-assisted gas-phase and surface reactions. Herein, we investigated CO hydrogenation over Pd/ZnO and ZnO in a tubular dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor at ambient pressure. Compared to the CO hydrogenation using Plasma Only or Plasma + ZnO, placing Pd/ZnO in the DBD almost doubled the conversion of CO (36.

δ-Tocotrienol is the Most Potent Vitamin E Form in Inhibiting Prostate Cancer Cell Growth and Inhibits Prostate Carcinogenesis in Ptenp-/- Mice.

Unlabelled: Vitamin E compounds, consisting of α, β, γ, and δ forms of tocopherols and tocotrienols, display different cancer preventive activities in experimental models. Tocotrienols may have higher potential for clinical use due to their lower effective doses in laboratory studies. However, most studies on tocotrienols have been carried out using cancer cell lines.

High-fat diet-induced hyperinsulinemia promotes the development of prostate adenocarcinoma in prostate-specific Pten-/- mice.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its four clinical entities, central obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension and dyslipidemia, are implicated in increasing the risk and mortality of cancer in several organs. However, it is unclear how they are associated with increased risk of prostate cancer. To elucidate the mechanistic link between MetS and prostate carcinogenesis, we characterized the development of MetS and prostate adenocarcinoma in prostate-specific Pten-/- (Ptenp-/-) mice fed a high-fat (HF) diet.

Tuning the local electronic structure of SrTiO catalysts to boost plasma-catalytic interfacial synergy.

Boosting plasma-catalyst synergy to enhance volatile organic compounds (VOCs) decomposition remains a challenge. Herein, rich oxygen vacancies (V) were engineered into the SrTiO catalysts through a facile nitrogen incorporation strategy for the plasma-catalytic decomposition of toluene and ethyl acetate. 100% toluene conversion with 81% CO selectivity at a competitive energy efficiency was achieved under ambient conditions.

In-situ atmosphere thermal pyrolysis of spindle-like Ce(OH)CO to fabricate Pt/CeO catalysts: Enhancing Pt-O-Ce bond intensity and boosting toluene degradation.

In this work, a series of spindle-like CeO supports with different contents of surface oxygen vacancies were fabricated by an in-situ atmosphere thermal pyrolysis method. Due to the unique surface physicochemical properties of the modified CeO supports, the interaction between Pt and CeO can be regulated during the synthesis of the Pt/CeO catalyst. The abundant oxygen vacancies on the CeO support could preferentially trap Pt ions in solution during the Pt impregnation process and enhance the Pt-CeO interaction in the subsequent reduction process, which results in the strongest Pt-O-Ce bonds formed on the PCH catalysts successfully (0.

Nonthermal plasma catalysis for toluene decomposition over BaTiO-based catalysts by Ce doping at A-sites: The role of surface-reactive oxygen species.

The insights on the primary surface-reactive oxygen species and their relation with lattice defects is essential for designing catalysts for plasma-catalytic reactions. Herein, a series of BaCeTiO perovskite catalysts with high specific surface areas (68.6-85.

Colitis-induced IL11 promotes colon carcinogenesis.

Colitis increases the risk of colorectal cancer; however, the mechanism of the association between colitis and cancer remains largely unknown. To identify colitis-associated cancer promoting factors, we investigated gene expression changes caused by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. By analyzing gene expression profiles, we found that IL11 was upregulated in DSS-induced colitis tissue and 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]-pyridine (PhIP)/DSS-induced colon tumours in mice as well as in human colorectal cancer.

Morphology-activity correlation of electrospun CeO for toluene catalytic combustion.

Herein, CeO catalysts with nanotube, nanobelt, and wire-in-nanotube morphologies were successfully fabricated by a facile single spinneret electrospinning technique. And catalytic activity of these electrospun CeO nanomaterials were evaluated by toluene catalytic combustion reaction. Among the three morphologies of CeO catalysts, CeO nanobelt (CeO-NB) presented the best toluene catalytic combustion performance (T = 230 °C) at WHSV = 60,000 mL g h, also exhibited the lowest activation energy (E = 80.

Vertically-aligned CoO arrays on Ni foam as monolithic structured catalysts for CO oxidation: effects of morphological transformation.

A generic hydrothermal synthesis route has been successfully designed and utilized to in situ grow highly ordered Co3O4 nanoarray (NA) precursors on Ni substrates, forming a series of Co3O4 nanoarray-based monolithic catalysts with subsequent calcination. The morphology evolution of Co3O4 nanostructures which depends upon the reaction time, with and without CTAB or NH4F is investigated in detail, which is used to further demonstrate the growth mechanism of Co3O4 nanoarrays with different morphologies. CO is chosen as a probe molecule to evaluate the catalytic performance over the synthesized Co-based oxide catalysts, and the effect of morphological transformation on the catalytic activity is further confirmed via using TEM, H2-TPR, XPS, Raman spectroscopy and in situ Raman spectroscopy.

Formation of persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous in ephrin-A5-/- mice.

Purpose: Primary vitreous regression is a critical event in mammalian eye development required for proper ocular maturity and unhindered vision. Failure of this event results in the eye disease persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHPV), also identified as persistent fetal vasculature (PFV), a condition characterized by the presence of a fibrovascular mass adjacent to the lens and retina, and associated with visual disability and blindness. Here, we identify ephrin-A5 to be a critical regulator for primary vitreous regression.

Further analysis of the lens of ephrin-A5-/- mice: development of postnatal defects.

Purpose: The cells of the mammalian lens must be carefully organized and regulated to maintain clarity. Recent studies have identified the Eph receptor ligand ephrin-A5 as a major contributor to lens development, as mice lacking ephrin-A5 develop abnormal lenses, resulting in cataracts. As a follow-up to our previous study on the cataracts observed in ephrin-A5(-/-) animals, we have further examined the morphological and molecular changes in the ephrin-A5(-/-) lens.

Deleterious effects of high concentrations of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate and atorvastatin in mice with colon inflammation.

Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), atorvastatin (ATST), and their combination have been previously shown to inhibit colon carcinogenesis in animal models. We further investigated their inhibitory activities in azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-treated Balb/cJ mice and CD-1 mice in 2 slightly different models. The mice were maintained on the AIN93M diet, or a similar diet containing 0.

Loss of ephrin-A5 function disrupts lens fiber cell packing and leads to cataract.

Cell-cell interactions organize lens fiber cells into highly ordered structures to maintain transparency. However, signals regulating such interactions have not been well characterized. We report here that ephrin-A5, a ligand of the Eph receptor tyrosine kinases, plays a key role in lens fiber cell shape and cell-cell interactions.

Inhibition of intestinal tumorigenesis in Apc(min/+) mice by green tea polyphenols (polyphenon E) and individual catechins.

In this work, we compared the cancer preventive activities of Polyphenon E (PPE), a standardized green tea polyphenol preparation given in diet versus drinking fluid as well as the activities of PPE versus individual catechins. We treated Apc(Min/+) mice for 9 wk with 0.08% (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), 0.

Interaction between proteins and cationic gemini surfactant.

Surface tension, fluorescence, and circular dichroism (CD) methods have been used to investigate the interaction between cationic gemini surfactant 1,2-ethane bis(dimethyldodecylammonium bromide) (C12C2C12) and proteins including bovine serum albumin (BSA) and gelatin. Surface tension measurements show that the complexes of gelatin--C12C2C12 form more easily than that of BSA--C12C2C12. Addition of C12C2C12 has a different effect not only on the polarity of the microenvironment in BSA and gelatin systems but also on their fluorescence spectra.

Inhibition of lung carcinogenesis and effects on angiogenesis and apoptosis in A/J mice by oral administration of green tea.

Oral administration of tea (Camellia sinensis) has been shown to inhibit the formation and growth of several tumor types in animal models. The present study investigated the effects of treatment with different concentrations of green tea on 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK)-induced lung tumorigenesis in female A/J mice. Two days after a single dose of NNK (100 mg/kg body weight, i.