Prioritizing conservation sites for multi-pond systems to maintain protection of water quality in a fragmented agricultural catchment.

Precise targeting of conservation practices to the most effective sites in multi-pond systems (MPSs) is critical for resource optimization and water quality improvement. Previous studies generally prioritized ponds for conservation practices considering nutrient removal efficiency. However, they have frequently overlooked the role of ponds in sediment interception and the impact of human activities and environmental factors around the pond.

Speciation characteristics of heavy metal(loid)s in maize-wheat farmland with applying spent mushroom substrates.

Spent mushroom substrates (SMS) have been increasingly applied as organic fertilizer worldwide. However, the effects of various SMS on the accumulation and speciation characteristics of soil heavy metal(loid)s (HMs) are generally overlooked. Three types of SMS, including Flammulina velutipes residue (FVR), Agaricus bisporus residue (ABR), and Auricularia auricula residue (AAR), were applied to replace 25 % and 50 % of chemical fertilizer (based on nitrogen application) used in maize-wheat farmland.

UAV-based modelling of vegetation recovery under extreme habitat stresses in the water level fluctuation zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir, China.

Impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservoir on the upper Yangtze River has remarkably altered hydrological regime within the dammed reaches, triggering structural and functional changes of the riparian ecosystem. Up to date, how vegetation recovers in response to compound habitat stresses in the water level fluctuation zone remains inexplicitly understood. In this study, plant above-ground biomass (AGB) in a selected water level fluctuation zone was quantified to depict its spatial and temporal pattern using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-derived multispectral images and screened empirical models.

Potential of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Red-Green-Blue Images for Detecting Needle Pests: A Case Study with Djak (Lepidoptera, Geometridae).

Djak (Lepidoptera, Geometridae) is a leaf-feeding pest unique to Mongolia. Outbreaks of this pest can cause larch needles to shed slowly from the top until they die, leading to a serious imbalance in the forest ecosystem. In this work, to address the need for the low-cost, fast, and effective identification of this pest, we used field survey indicators and UAV images of larch forests in Binder, Khentii, Mongolia, a typical site of Djak pest outbreaks, as the base data, calculated relevant multispectral and red-green-blue (RGB) features, used a successive projections algorithm (SPA) to extract features that are sensitive to the level of pest damage, and constructed a recognition model of Djak pest damage by combining patterns in the RGB vegetation indices and texture features (RGB) with the help of random forest (RF) and convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithms.

Spatio-temporal patterns and control mechanism of the ecosystem carbon use efficiency across the Mongolian Plateau.

Carbon use efficiency (CUE) is a crucial parameter that reflects the carbon storage within ecosystems, providing insight into the potential for carbon sequestration at the ecosystem scale and its feedback on climate change. The Mongolian Plateau exemplifies an arid and semi-arid region with a delicate ecological environment that displays heightened sensitivity to global climate change. Understanding the variation and control of CUE is critical for assessing regional carbon.

Quantitative analysis of a posterior fossa teratomas with unusual CT and MR Characteristics--illustrative case.

Background: Intracranial teratomas or other cystic lesions with atypical imaging manifestations can still be frequently seen clinically. The specific reasons for unusual imaging manifestations need to be further explored.

Observations: A case of adult teratoma in the posterior fossa with unusual imaging manifestations was reported.

Lagged feedback of peak season photosynthetic activities on local surface temperature in Inner Mongolia, China.

Increased vegetation peak growth and phenological shifts toward spring have been observed in response to climate warming in the temperate regions. Such changes have the potential to modify warming by perturbing land‒atmosphere energy exchanges; however, the signs and magnitudes of biophysical feedback on surface temperature in different biomes are largely unknown. Here, we synthesized information from vegetation growth proxies, land surface temperature (LST), and surface energy balance factors (surface evapotranspiration (ET), albedo, and broadband emissivity (BBE)) to investigate the variations in timing (PPT) and productivity (PP) of seasonal peak photosynthesis and their time-lagged biophysical feedbacks to the post-season LST in Inner Mongolia (IM) during 2001-2020.

Maxillary Nerve as Landmark for Exposure of the Internal Maxillary Artery in Extracranial-Intracranial Bypass Surgery.

Objective: To establish a new method for fast exposure of the internal maxillary artery (IMA) during extracranial-intracranial bypass surgery.

Methods: To explore the positional relationship between the IMA and the maxillary nerve and pterygomaxillary fissure, 11 formalin-fixed cadaveric specimens were dissected. Three bone windows of the middle fossa were created for further analysis.

The Posterior Belly of Digastric Muscle as the Landmark in Facial Nerve Anastomosis Surgery: Anatomical Study and Case Illustration.

Objective: To establish a new method for fast exposure of the facial nerve and hypoglossal nerve during facial nerve anastomosis surgery.

Methods: Dissection of 12 formalin-fixed cadaveric specimens was performed to explore the positional relationship between the posterior belly of digastric muscle (PBD) and the facial nerve and hypoglossal nerve. We retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent facial nerve reconstruction surgery between 2015 and 2020 at Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, and the optimized surgical strategy based on the PBD was proposed.

Sedimentary geochemistry mediated by a specific hydrological regime in the water level fluctuation zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir, China.

The water level fluctuation zone (WLFZ) of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) acts as an important sink for inflowing suspended sediment loads over the inundation periods following regular dam operations. This study depicts the sedimentary geochemical dynamics along a sedimentary profile based on the determined chronology and explores its links to the specific hydrological regime created by dam flow regulation and riverine seasonal suspended sediment dynamics. A compact 345-cm-long sediment core was extracted near the base water level (145.

Microsurgery for vestibular schwannoma: analysis of short-term clinical outcome.

Background: Total removal of the vestibular schwannoma when preserving the function of the facial nerve is difficult. The objective of the current study was to investigate the short-term clinical outcome of vestibular schwannoma removal via retro-sigmoid approach.

Methods: One-hundred consecutive patients diagnosed with vestibular schwannoma were surgically treated between December 2018 and August 2019 in Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University.

Soil aggregate disintegration effects on soil erodibility in the water level fluctuation zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir, China.

Spatial hydrological alterations can affect soil structural stability. Over time, forces induced by water weaken soil aggregates and this has a negative implication to soil health. The Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) in particular, experienced a long-term hydrological condition and repetitive seasonal water level fluctuations that could affect soil health.

Spatiotemporal variation of autumn phenology responses to preseason drought and temperature in alpine and temperate grasslands in China.

We investigate the spatiotemporal patterns and environmental controls of the end of the vegetation growing season (EOS) in autumn across the alpine and temperate grasslands of China from 2001 through 2020, focusing on whether the EOS is likely a "dryness effect" due to drought or a "coolness effect" caused by cold temperature in autumn. The results show that the EOS date is earlier (∼6 days earlier on average) in alpine grasslands than in temperate grasslands. During 2001-2020, a slight non-significant delay of 1.

Endoscopic-assisted microsurgical resection of giant vestibular schwannoma in semi-sitting position.

The main objectives of microsurgery for vestibular schwannoma are total tumor removal and preservation of facial and cochlear nerve function. For giant tumors, total tumor removal and facial nerve function preservation are challenging. The semisitting position has some advantages.

The effects of different surgical positions (semi-sitting and lateral position) on the surgical outcomes of large vestibular schwannoma: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Background: There is an ongoing discussion about the advantages and disadvantages of different surgical positions (semi-sitting and lateral position) for vestibular schwannoma surgery. Each position has its advantages, disadvantages, challenges, and risk profiles. The objectives of this study are to compare the effects of different surgical positions (semi-sitting and lateral position) on the outcomes of large vestibular schwannoma, primarily including effectiveness and safety.

[Applicability of multiple remotely sensed vegetation indices for extracting key phenological metrics of shrubs based on CO flux observation and Sentinel-2 data].

We analyzed the relationship between gross primary productivity (GPP) and environmental factors at Sidaoqiao Superstation of the Ejina Oasis in China's Gobi Desert, by combining eddy flux and meteorological data from 2018 to 2019 and Sentinel-2 remote sensing images from 2017 to 2020. We evaluated the applicability of 12 remote sensing vegetation indices to simulate the growth of and extract key phenological metrics. A seven-parameter double-logistic function (DL-7) + global model function (GMF) was used to fit the growth curves of GPP and vegetation indices.

Quantitative assessment of the effects of climate, vegetation, soil and groundwater on soil moisture spatiotemporal variability in the Mongolian Plateau.

Soil moisture (SM) is a key parameter regulating the hydrothermal balance of global terrestrial ecosystems and plays an important role in local ecological environment, particularly in arid and semiarid areas. However, current studies have so far obtained insufficient knowledge of SM spatiotemporal variability and its primary control factors, which limits our understanding of the feedback effects of SM on surface vegetation and hydrothermal activity. Here, we chose the ecologically fragile Mongolian Plateau (MP) as the study area to quantitatively reveal the soil moisture spatiotemporal variability (SMSTV) and the influence of control factors (climate, vegetation, soil and groundwater) with the help of empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs) and geographical detector models.

Surgical treatment of dumbbell-shaped jugular foramen schwannomas via two-piece lateral suboccipital approach: Report of 26 patients.

Background: Dumbbell-shaped jugular foramen schwannomas (JFS) are rare but challenging for the treatment. Surgical resection is believed to be the optimal therapy; however, postoperative dysfunction of the lower cranial nerves (CNs), tumor residual, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage, and subcutaneous hydrops are common. The current study's objectives were to describe the optimal surgical strategies for the total removal of dumbbell-shaped JFS, the functional preservation of lower CNs, and the prevention of postoperative CSF leakage.

Construction of an evapotranspiration model and analysis of spatiotemporal variation in Xilin River Basin, China.

Surface evapotranspiration is a water exchange process between the atmosphere, biosphere, and hydrosphere. Accurate evapotranspiration estimations in arid and semi-arid regions are important for monitoring droughts and protecting the ecological environment. The main objective of this study is to build an evapotranspiration estimation model suitable for an effective scientific and objective evaluation of water consumption in the arid and semi-arid regions of the Xilin River Basin based on comprehensive parameters, including meteorological parameters, vegetation coverage, and soil water content.

Spatial and temporal change patterns of near-surface CO and CH concentrations in different permafrost regions on the Mongolian Plateau from 2010 to 2017.

Greenhouse gases (GHGs) released from permafrost regions may have a positive feedback to climate change, but there is much uncertainty about additional warming from the permafrost carbon cycle. One of the main reasons for this uncertainty is that the observation data of large-scale GHG concentrations are sparse, especially for areas with rapid permafrost degradation. We selected the Mongolian Plateau as the study area.

Application of temperature vegetation dryness index for drought monitoring in Mongolian Plateau.

Taking the Mongolian Plateau as the study area, the MODIS normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and the land surface temperature (LST) in the growing season from 2000 to 2019 were used to construct the NDVI-LST feature space, and based on which the temperature vege-tation dryness index (TVDI) of the Mongolian Plateau was calculated. We used Theil-Sen Median trend analysis, Mann-Kendall test, and Hurst index method to analyze the spatial and temporal varia-tions and future trends of TVDI on the Mongolian Plateau. Furthermore, we examined the relationship between meteorological factors and TVDI on the Mongolian Plateau using partial correlation analysis.

Using the Arcuate Eminence-Trigeminal Notch Line to Localize the Anterior Wall of the Internal Auditory Canal in a Subtemporal Approach: An Anatomical Study.

 This article aims to describe the regional anatomy of the anterior end of the arcuate eminence, the lateral end of the trigeminal notch, and the line connecting the two (i.e., the arcuate eminence-trigeminal notch line [ATL]) and to determine whether the ATL could be used as a landmark for localizing the internal auditory canal (IAC).

Outcomes after semisitting and lateral positioning in large vestibular schwannoma surgery: A single-center comparison.

Objective: The semisitting position (SSP) and lateral position (LP) in vestibular schwannoma (VS) surgery each have advantages and disadvantages, and which position is superior overall is debatable. Our objective was to determine the optimal position for surgical treatment of VSs with a diameter ≥3 cm.

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated consecutive patients with a large VS treated between January 2010 and July 2020.

Rapid Determination of Low Heavy Metal Concentrations in Grassland Soils around Mining Using Vis-NIR Spectroscopy: A Case Study of Inner Mongolia, China.

Proximal sensing offers a novel means for determination of the heavy metal concentration in soil, facilitating low cost and rapid analysis over large areas. In this respect, spectral data and model variables play an important role. Thus far, no attempts have been made to estimate soil heavy metal content using continuum-removal (CR), different preprocessing and statistical methods, and different modeling variables.