Linear Assumptions Based RF Pulse Calibration Framework Using the Bloch-Siegert Shift.

Accurately calibrating the radiofrequency (RF) transmission chain is critical for ensuring the reliability of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. The complexities of MRI, including coil loading variations, RF nonuniformity, and RF nonlinearity, present ongoing challenges that demand robust calibration methods. In this paper, we propose a model, grounded in linear assumptions, to characterize the RF transmission chain.

An Improved Passive Shimming Design Method For Superconducting MRI Based On Distribution Density.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a non invasive medical diagnostic technology which has been widely used in clinical medical diagnosis. Its imaging quality requires extremely high homogeneity of the main magnet. In this paper, focused on the passive shimming technology for superconducting MRI systems, we proposed a rapid spherical harmonic coefficient calculation method based on completely associated legendre functions.

A dedicated RF coil design for phosphorus MRS in the occipital lobe.

The dedicated RF coil for phosphorus magnetic resonance spectrum (P MRS) was designed as a double-channel transceiver integrated surface coil structure. It features a semi-curved "pillow" shape, specifically tailored to capture phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy signals in the occipital lobe of the human brain at high magnetic field strength (3T). Through RF magnetic simulation and bench tests, it has been demonstrated that the two channels of the coil exhibit excellent resonance and matching properties at the 3T P NMR frequency.

A Modified Reference Scan Method for MR Image Inhomogeneity Correction.

Intensity inhomogeneity remains a pivotal challenge that hampers the diagnostic efficacy of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Traditional reference scan methods, while effective in correcting intensity inhomogeneity, often inadvertently introduce noise into the images, thus degrading the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR). In this study, we introduce an innovative modified reference scan methodology.

Rubiadin Mediates the Upregulation of Hepatic Hepcidin and Alleviates Iron Overload via BMP6/SMAD1/5/9-Signaling Pathway.

Iron overload disease is characterized by the excessive accumulation of iron in the body. To better alleviate iron overload, there is an urgent need for safe and effective small molecule compounds. Rubiadin, the active ingredient derived from the Chinese herb Prismatomeris tetrandra, possesses notable anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective properties.

The miR-1305/KLF5 negative regulatory loop affects pancreatic cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis.

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is characterized by a high relapse rate and unfavorable prognosis. Currently, the optimal treatment for PC is complete resection followed by adjuvant systemic chemotherapy. Nevertheless, tumor cell repopulation and subsequent tumor relapse and metastasis after chemotherapy result in a poor prognosis.

Associations of triglyceride-glucose index cumulative exposure and variability with the transitions from normoglycaemia to prediabetes and prediabetes to diabetes: Insights from a cohort study.

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the separate and joint associations of triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index accumulation and variability with prediabetes and diabetes risk.

Methods: Health check-up participants who underwent 3 sequential health examinations during 2012-2016 and were followed up from 2017 to 2021 were enrolled and categorized into two subcohorts: (a) progression from normoglycaemia to prediabetes subcohort (n = 9373) and (b) progression from prediabetes to diabetes subcohort (n = 4563). Cumulative TyG (cumTyG) and TyG variability from Exams 1-3 were the exposures of interest in our study.

Association of proton-density fat fraction with osteoporosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Unlabelled: This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between measuring proton-density fat fraction (PDFF) in bone marrow using multi-echo chemical shift-encoded MRI and osteoporosis, assessing its effectiveness as a biomarker for osteoporosis. A systematic review was conducted by two independent researchers using Cochrane, PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases up to December 2023. Quality assessments were evaluated using the Cochrane risk of bias tool and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) checklist.

A novel method for highly linear gradient coil design based on stream function.

Background: Magnetoencephalography (MEG) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are non-invasive imaging techniques that offer effective means for disease diagnosis. A more straightforward and optimized method is presented for designing gradient coils which are pivotal parts of the above imaging systems.

Purpose: A novel design method based on stream function combining an optimization algorithm is proposed to obtain highly linear gradient coil.

Causal association between immune cells and lung cancer risk: a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis.

Background: Previous studies have highlighted the crucial role of immune cells in lung cancer development; however, the direct link between immunophenotypes and lung cancer remains underexplored.

Methods: We applied two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis, using genetic variants as instruments to determine the causal influence of exposures on outcomes. This method, unlike traditional randomized controlled trials (RCTs), leverages genetic variants inherited randomly at conception, thus reducing confounding and preventing reverse causation.

Rocaglamide promotes infiltration and differentiation of T cells and coordinates with PD-1 inhibitor to overcome checkpoint resistance in multiple tumor models.

Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) deficiency is the most conspicuous obstacle to limit the cancer immunotherapy. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), such as anti-PD-1 antibody, have achieved great success in clinical practice. However, due to the limitation of response rates of ICIs, some patients fail to benefit from monotherapy.

Arterial stiffness progression in metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease subtypes: A prospective cohort study.

Background And Aims: We aimed to investigate the correlation and to explore which MAFLD subtypes have the greatest influence on progression of arterial stiffness risk.

Methods And Results: Using data from a health examination-based cohort, a total of 12,129 participants who underwent two repeated health examinations that included brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) from 2012 to 2020 were enrolled. Participants were separated into non-MAFLD, overweight/obese (OW-MAFLD), lean/normal weight (lean-MAFLD) and diabetes (DM-MAFLD) groups.

Rocaglamide regulates iron homeostasis by suppressing hepcidin expression.

The anemia of inflammation (AI) is characterized by the presence of inflammation and abnormal elevation of hepcidin. Accumulating evidence has proved that Rocaglamide (RocA) was involved in inflammation regulation. Nevertheless, the role of RocA in AI, especially in iron metabolism, has not been investigated, and its underlying mechanism remains elusive.

Downregulation of GPX8 in hepatocellular carcinoma: impact on tumor stemness and migration.

Purpose: GPX8, which is found in the endoplasmic reticulum lumen, is a member of the Glutathione Peroxidases (GPXs) family. Its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is unknown.

Methods: Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the protein levels of GPX8 in HCC tissue microarrays.

Ailanthone inhibits non-small cell lung cancer growth and metastasis through targeting UPF1/GAS5/ULK1 signaling pathway.

Background: Targeting long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) is a novel and promising approach in cancer therapy. In our previous study, we investigated the effects of ailanthone (aila), the main active compound derived from the stem barks of Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle, on the growth of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells.

Euphohelioscopin A enhances NK cell antitumor immunity through GSDME-triggered pyroptosis.

Immune evasion by cancer cells poses a significant challenge for natural killer cell-based immunotherapy. Pyroptosis, a newly discovered form of programmed cell death, has shown great potential for enhancing the antitumor immunity of natural killer cells. Consequently, targeting pyroptosis has become an attractive strategy for boosting natural killer cell activity against cancer.

Tiliroside disrupted iron homeostasis and induced ferroptosis via directly targeting calpain-2 in pancreatic cancer cells.

Background: Tiliroside (TIL) is a flavonoid compound that exists in a variety of edible plants. These dietary plants are widely used as food and medicine to treat various diseases. However, the effect of TIL on pancreatic cancer (PC) and its underlying mechanisms are unclear.

DeepRisk network: an AI-based tool for digital pathology signature and treatment responsiveness of gastric cancer using whole-slide images.

Background: Digital histopathology provides valuable information for clinical decision-making. We hypothesized that a deep risk network (DeepRisk) based on digital pathology signature (DPS) derived from whole-slide images could improve the prognostic value of the tumor, node, and metastasis (TNM) staging system and offer chemotherapeutic benefits for gastric cancer (GC).

Methods: DeepRisk is a multi-scale, attention-based learning model developed on 1120 GCs in the Zhongshan dataset and validated with two external datasets.

[Research progress on immunotherapy based on NK cells for hepatocellular carcinoma].

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is well characterized as a heterogeneous disease. Its late-stage diagnosis and chemotherapy resistance make it one of the refractory tumors in China. Natural killer (NK) cells play a significant role in immune surveillance.

LncRNA HOTAIR down-expression inhibits the invasion and tumorigenicity of epithelial ovarian cancer cells by suppressing TGF-β1 and ZEB1.

Background: Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is a pathological type with a higher mortality rate among gynecological cancers today. Long-chain noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) can regulate the transcription and expression of cellular genes. However, the downstream molecules regulated by lncRNA HOTAIR have not been well studied.

Prognostic role of short-term heart rate variability and deceleration/acceleration capacities of heart rate in extensive-stage small cell lung cancer.

Prior research suggests that autonomic modulation investigated by heart rate variability (HRV) might act as a novel predictive biomarker for cancer prognosis, such as in breast cancer and pancreatic cancer. It is not clear whether there is a correlation between autonomic modulation and prognosis in patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC). Therefore, the purpose of the study was to examine the association between short-term HRV, deceleration capacity (DC) and acceleration capacity (AC) of heart rate and overall survival in patients with ES-SCLC.

Breast intervention device for low-field MRI with a customized unilateral coil.

With the incidence of breast cancer rising to the top among female malignant tumors, magnetic resonance images guided breast biopsy intervention and minimally invasive treatment have developed as a clinically practical research issue. High field studies have shown the diagnostic value of breast MRI, but the examination costs greatly exceed those of competing conventional mammography. In this case, low-field MRI cannot merely provide typical MRI contrast, but also significantly reduce the cost of diagnosis and treatment for breast cancer patients.

Assessment of short-term effects of thoracic radiotherapy on the cardiovascular parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems.

Background: Prior research suggests that cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction might be an early marker of cardiotoxicity induced by antitumor treatment and act as an early predictor of cardiovascular disease-related morbidity and mortality. The impact of thoracic radiotherapy on the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems, however, remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the short-term effects of thoracic radiotherapy on the autonomic nervous system, using deceleration capacity (DC), acceleration capacity (AC) of heart rate, and heart rate variability (HRV) as assessment tools.

TT U-Net: Temporal Transformer U-Net for Motion Artifact Reduction Using PAD (Pseudo All-Phase Clinical-Dataset) in Cardiac CT.

Involuntary motion of the heart remains a challenge for cardiac computed tomography (CT) imaging. Although the electrocardiogram (ECG) gating strategy is widely adopted to perform CT scans at the quasi-quiescent cardiac phase, motion-induced artifacts are still unavoidable for patients with high heart rates or irregular rhythms. Dynamic cardiac CT, which provides functional information of the heart, suffers even more severe motion artifacts.

Association of heartbeat complexity with survival in advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients.

Background: Previous studies have shown that the predictive value of traditional linear (time domain and frequency domain) heart rate variability (HRV) for the survival of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is controversial. Nonlinear methods, based on the concept of complexity, have been used to evaluate HRV, providing a new means to reveal the physiological and pathological changes in HRV. This study aimed to assess the association between heartbeat complexity and overall survival in patients with advanced NSCLC.