Integration analysis of microRNAs as potential biomarkers in early-stage lung adenocarcinoma: the diagnostic and therapeutic significance of miR-183-3p.

Introduction: Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) poses a significant therapeutic challenge, primarily due to delayed diagnosis and the limited efficacy of existing treatments.

Methods: To understand the pathogenesis and identify diagnostic biomarkers for LUAD in the early stage, we investigated differential miRNA expression in 33 stage I LUAD patients between tumor and matched paracancerous tissues by Illumina Sequencing. Target genes of differentially expressed miRNAs were predicted using TargetScan and miRDB databases and further analyzed by GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis.

Machine learning predicts conventional imaging metastasis-free survival (MFS) for oligometastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (omCSPC) using prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET radiomics.

Purpose: This study investigated imaging biomarkers derived from PSMA-PET acquired pre- and post-metastasis-directed therapy (MDT) to predict 2-year metastasis-free survival (MFS), which provides valuable early response assessment to improve patient outcomes.

Materials/methods: An international cohort of 117 oligometastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (omCSPC) patients, comprising 34 from John Hopkins Hospital (JHH) and 83 from Baskent University (BU), were treated with stereotactic ablative radiation therapy (SABR) MDT with both pre- and post-MDT PSMA-PET/CT scans acquired. PET radiomic features were analyzed from a CT-PET fusion defined gross tumor volume ((GTV) or zone 1), and a 5 mm expansion ring area outside the GTV (zone 2).

Optimizing dietary rumen-degradable starch to rumen-degradable protein ratio improves lactation performance and nitrogen utilization efficiency in mid-lactating Holstein dairy cows.

The dietary rumen-degradable starch (RDS) to rumen-degradable protein (RDP) ratio, denoted as the RDS-to-RDP ratio (SPR), has been proven to enhance rumen fermentation. However, the effects of dietary SPR remain largely unexplored. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary SPR on lactation performance, nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation patterns, blood indicators, and nitrogen (N) partitioning in mid-lactating Holstein cows.

Effects of dietary palmitic acid and oleic acid ratio on milk production, nutrient digestibility, blood metabolites, and milk fatty acid profile of lactating dairy cows.

Adequate energy supply is a crucial factor for maintaining the production performance in cows during the early lactation period. Adding fatty acids (FA) to diets can improve energy supply, and the effect could be related to the chain length and degree of saturation of those FA. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different ratios of palmitic acid (C16:0) to oleic acid (cis-9 C18:1) on the production performance, nutrient digestibility, blood metabolites, and milk FA profile in early lactation dairy cows.

Early microbial intervention reshapes phenotypes of newborn Bos taurus through metabolic regulations.

Background: The rumen of neonatal calves has limited functionality, and establishing intestinal microbiota may play a crucial role in their health and performance. Thus, we aim to explore the temporal colonization of the gut microbiome and the benefits of early microbial transplantation (MT) in newborn calves.

Results: We followed 36 newborn calves for 2 months and found that the composition and ecological interactions of their gut microbiomes likely reached maturity 1 month after birth.

Luteolin overcomes acquired resistance to osimertinib in non-small cell lung cancer cells by targeting the HGF-MET-Akt pathway.

Osimertinib, a third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI), has overcome the acquired resistance of first- and second-generation EGFR-TKIs due to the EGFR T790M mutation in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, acquired resistance to osimertinib remains a significant clinical challenge. Luteolin, a natural flavonoid from traditional Chinese medicine, has exerted antitumor effects in various tumors.

A repository of grade 1 and 2 meningioma MRIs in a public dataset for radiomics reproducibility tests.

Purpose: Meningiomas are the most common primary brain tumors in adults with management varying widely based on World Health Organization (WHO) grade. However, there are limited datasets available for researchers to develop and validate radiomic models. The purpose of our manuscript is to report on the first dataset of meningiomas in The Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA).

Emission enhanced fluorometric biosensor by functionalized carbon polymer dots for glutathione detection in human real samples and molecular logic gate operation.

Glutathione (GSH), an active peptide, plays pivotal roles in many physiological processes and detection of GSH inside of human body is of great importance for the playing of its biological effects. Here silver-phosphorus co-doped carbonized polymer dots (Ag@PCPDs) were prepared via solvothermal treatment of citric acid and phytic acid in the presence of Ag for GSH determination. The physicochemical and optical performance of the Ag@PCPDs were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), fluorescence spectroscopy and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy analyses.

Interpretable AI-assisted clinical decision making (CDM) for dose prescription in radiosurgery of brain metastases.

Purpose: AI modeling physicians' clinical decision-making (CDM) can improve the efficiency and accuracy of clinical practice or serve as a surrogate to provide initial consultations to patients seeking secondary opinions. In this study, we developed an interpretable AI model that predicts dose fractionation for patients receiving radiation therapy for brain metastases with an interpretation of its decision-making process.

Materials/methods: 152 patients with brain metastases treated by radiosurgery from 2017 to 2021 were obtained.

A new species of Scolytus Geoffroy (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) from Yunnan, China.

Scolytus unicornis, a new species of Scolytus Geoffroy from Yunnan, China, is described and illustrated. Three DNA barcoding sequences (COI, 28S, CAD) of this species are provided. The new species is distinguished from other Asian Scolytus species by the longitudinal wrinkles on the frons only in the area below the eyes, a large median spine situated in the middle of the ventrite 2 base, and female frons with a slightly raised blunt tubercle above the epistoma.

Designing glucose utilization "highway" for recombinant biosynthesis.

cAMP receptor protein (CRP) is known as a global regulatory factor mainly mediating carbon source catabolism. Herein, we successfully engineered CRP to develop microbial chassis cells with improved recombinant biosynthetic capability in minimal medium with glucose as single carbon source. The obtained best-performing cAMP-independent CRP mutant conferred both faster cell growth and a 133-fold improvement in expression level of lac promoter in presence of 2% glucose, compared with strain under regulation of CRP.

Empowering Quasi-solid Electrolyte with Smart Thermoresistance and Damage Repairability to Realize Safer Lithium Metal Batteries.

Thermal runaway, a complex chemical/electrochemical heat breakout process caused by complex abuse conditions, remains a big issue to significantly hinder further practical application of lithium batteries. Here we design and fabricate a smart thermoregulatory and self-healing gel electrolyte (TRSHGE) by cross-linking phase-transition chains to polymer networks through reversibly dynamic interactions while maintaining the desirable electrochemical performance. Impressively, on the one hand, the phase-transition chains with endothermic effects can efficiently accommodate the heat accumulation, enabling lithium batteries to work safely and normally even up to 80 °C.

Rumen-Protected Lysine and Methionine Supplementation Reduced Protein Requirement of Holstein Bulls by Altering Nitrogen Metabolism in Liver.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of low-protein diets supplemented with rumen-protected lysine (RPLys) and methionine (RPMet) on growth performance, rumen fermentation, blood biochemical parameters, nitrogen metabolism, and gene expression related to N metabolism in the liver of Holstein bulls. Thirty-six healthy and disease-free Holstein bulls with a similar body weight (BW) (424 ± 15 kg, 13 months old) were selected. According to their BW, they were randomly divided into three groups with 12 bulls in each group in a completely randomized design.

Complete Mitochondrial Genome of Scolytoplatypodini Species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) and Phylogenetic Implications.

The complete mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) of beetles in the tribe Scolytoplatypodini (genus ) were sequenced and annotated. These included (15,324 bp), (15,394 bp), (15,167 bp), and (15,267 bp). The four mitogenomes contained 37 typical genes, including 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), and 2 ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs).

AI-assisted clinical decision making (CDM) for dose prescription in radiosurgery of brain metastases using three-path three-dimensional CNN.

Purpose: AI modeling physicians' clinical decision-making (CDM) can improve the efficiency and accuracy of clinical practice or serve as a surrogate to provide initial consultations to patients seeking secondary opinions. In this study, we developed an AI network to model radiotherapy CDM and used dose prescription as an example to demonstrate its feasibility.

Materials/methods: 152 patients with brain metastases treated by radiosurgery from 2017 to 2021 were included.

Expression and immunogenicity of hepatitis E virus-like particles based on recombinant truncated ORF2 capsid protein.

Hepatitis E is an emerging zoonotic disease, posing a severe threat to public health in the world. Since there are no specific treatments available for HEV infection, it is crucial to develop vaccine to prevent this infection. In this study, the truncated ORF2 encoded protein of 439aa∼617aa (HEV3-179) from HEV CCJD-517 isolates was expressed as VLPs in E.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) codon adapts well to the gene expression profile of liver cancer: an evolutionary explanation for HBV's oncogenic role.

Due to the evolutionary arms race between hosts and viruses, viruses must adapt to host translation systems to rapidly synthesize viral proteins. Highly expressed genes in hosts have a codon bias related to tRNA abundance, the primary RNA translation rate determinant. We calculated the relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU) of three hepatitis viruses (HAV, HBV, and HCV), SARS-CoV-2, 30 human tissues, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Effect of Dietary Rumen-Degradable Starch to Rumen-Degradable Protein Ratio on In Vitro Rumen Fermentation Characteristics and Microbial Protein Synthesis.

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary rumen-degradable starch (RDS, g/kg of DM) to rumen-degradable protein (RDP, g/kg of DM) ratios (SPR) on in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics and microbial protein synthesis (MCPS). Treatments were eight diets with SPR of 1.9, 2.

Expression and Immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 Virus-Like Particles based on Recombinant Truncated HEV-3 ORF2 Capsid Protein.

COVID-19 is an emerging disease that poses a severe threat to global public health. As such, there is an urgent demand for vaccines against SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. Here, we describe a virus-like nanoparticle candidate vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 produced by an expression system.

Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome of Cryptotermes domesticus (Blattodea: Kalotermitidae): Genome description and phylogenetic implications.

The complete mitochondrial genome of Cryptotermes domesticus (Haviland) was sequenced and annotated to study its characteristics and the phylogenetic relationship of C. domesticus to other termite species. The mitogenome of C.

Microbiome-Metabolome Responses in Ruminal Content and Feces of Lactating Dairy Cows With N-Carbamylglutamate Supplementation Under Heat Stress.

The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of N-carbamylglutamate (NCG) supplementation on metabolic profile and microbiota in ruminal content and feces of lactating dairy cows under heat stress (HS). Forty-eight lactating Holstein cows (154 ± 13.6 days in milk) were assigned randomly to four treatments ( = 12), to receive 0, 15, 20, or 25 g/day of commercial NCG (proportion: 97.

Preparation and characterization of attapulgite-supported phase change energy storage materials.

Phase change materials (PCMs) for the charge and discharge of thermal energy at a nearly constant temperature are of interest for thermal energy storage and management, and porous materials are usually used to support PCMs for preventing the liquid leakage and shape instability during the phase change process. Compared with commonly used polymer matrices and porous carbons, mineral materials with naturally occurring porous structures have obvious advantages such as cost-saving and abundant resources. Attapulgite (ATP) is a clay mineral with natural porous structures, which can be used to contain PCMs for thermal energy storage.