Expression of -mutant proteins and genomic evolution in -mutant transformed small cell lung cancer.

Background: The transformation of epidermal growth factor receptor ()-mutant lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) into small cell lung cancer (SCLC) accounts for 3-14% of the resistance mechanism to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). At present, there is no relevant research to explore the dynamic expression of -mutant proteins and genomic evolution in -mutant transformed SCLC/neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC).

Methods: Genetic analysis and protein level analysis by next-generation sequencing (NGS), Whole-exome sequencing (WES) and immunohistochemistry were performed to explore expression of -mutant proteins and genomic evolution in -mutant transformed SCLC.

Pathological characteristics and tumour immune microenvironment of lung malignancies with RET rearrangement.

Background: For patients with lung malignancies with RET rearrangement, the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors is limited. The characteristics of the tumour immune microenvironment (TIME) and molecular pathological features of these patients have not been well elucidated. We aimed to investigate their clinical outcomes and explore characteristics of TIME, using multiplex immunohistochemistry technology (mIHC).

The predictive value of YAP-1 and POU2F3 for the efficacy of immuno-chemotherapy in extensive-stage SCLC patients.

Introduction: Recently, several clinical trials of immunotherapy for extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) have shown limited benefits because of unselected patients. Thus, we aimed to explore whether YES-associated protein 1 (YAP-1) and POU domain class 2 transcription factor 3 (POU2F3) could identify SCLC patients with durable benefits from immunotherapy as potential biomarkers.

Methods: We performed IHC of YAP-1 and POU2F3, and RNA-seq on tissues of ES- SCLC patients.

Using patient-derived organoids to predict locally advanced or metastatic lung cancer tumor response: A real-world study.

Predicting the clinical response to chemotherapeutic or targeted treatment in patients with locally advanced or metastatic lung cancer requires an accurate and affordable tool. Tumor organoids are a potential approach in precision medicine for predicting the clinical response to treatment. However, their clinical application in lung cancer has rarely been reported because of the difficulty in generating pure tumor organoids.

A potential treatment option for transformed small-cell lung cancer on PD-L1 inhibitor-based combination therapy improved survival.

Objectives: Transformed small-cell lung cancer (T-SCLC) has an extremely poor prognosis, and no remedies based on immunotherapy have been evaluated among T-SCLC patients. We retrospectively analysed the efficacy and safety of combining atezolizumab with chemotherapy for T-SCLC.

Methods: Forty-seven patients harbouring EGFR mutations who developed T-SCLC were enrolled.

Dynamic F-FDG PET/CT can predict the major pathological response to neoadjuvant immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer.

Major pathological response (MPR) is a potential surrogate for overall survival. We determined whether the dynamic changes in F-labeled fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography ( F-FDG PET/CT) were associated with MPR in patients receiving neoadjuvant immunotherapy. Forty-four patients with stage II-III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who received neoadjuvant immunotherapy and radical surgery were enrolled.

Response to Icotinib Plus Chemotherapy in Pulmonary Atypical Carcinoid Harboring the L858R Mutation: A Brief Report.

Introduction: Pulmonary atypical carcinoid (PAC) is a rare subtype of pulmonary neuroendocrine neoplasm. Although fusion has been detected in PAC, mutations have not been reported before.

Methods: We performed hematoxylin and eosin staining, immunohistochemistry, and next-generation sequencing on tissues at baseline and after surgery.

Enrichment of Wee1/CDC2 and NF-κB Signaling Pathway Constituents Mutually Contributes to CDDP Resistance in Human Osteosarcoma.

Purpose: Osteosarcoma (OS) universally exhibits heterogeneity and cisplatin (CDDP) resistance. Although the Wee1/CDC2 and nuclear factor кB (NF-κB) pathways were reported to show abnormal activation in some tumor cells with CDDP resistance, whether there is any concrete connection is currently unclear. We explored it in human OS cells.

Tetramethylpyrazine supplementation improves performance, digestion, blood and immune state of broilers exposure to oxidative stress.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of dietary tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) on the growth performance, nutrient digestion, blood parameters and immunity of broilers under oxidative stress. Five treatments included negative control, positive control with lipopolysaccharide induction and TMP addition at 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg of diet using 600 male Arbor Acres broiler chicks. Results showed that during 1-14 days of age, body weight gain and feed efficiency in the positive control were worsened (p < .

Ectopic expression of MYB repressor GmMYB3a improves drought tolerance and productivity of transgenic peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) under conditions of water deficit.

Peanut is widely grown and provides protein and edible oil for millions of people. Peanut growth and productivity are frequently negatively affected by abiotic and biotic environmental factors. However, the research on improving peanut germplasm resources by genetic transformation is very limited.

PLK2 modulation of enriched TAp73 affects osteogenic differentiation and prognosis in human osteosarcoma.

There are three subtypes of undifferentiated human conventional osteosarcoma (HCOS): osteoblastic osteosarcoma (OOS), chondroblastic osteosarcoma (COS), and fibroblastic osteosarcoma (FOS). HCOS also exhibits heterogeneous pathological maldifferentiation in individual patients. Currently, the mechanism regulating HCOS differentiation remains unclear, and therapies are ineffective.

Prognostic value of delta-like protein 3 combined with thyroid transcription factor-1 in small-cell lung cancer.

Rovalpituzumab tesirine is a promising delta-like protein 3 (DLL3)-targeted antibody-drug conjugate for the treatment of small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). Thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) and DLL3 protein are associated with SCLC, and may be used to identify patients, who respond to the DLL3-targeted therapy. However, little is known about the expression pattern of the DLL3 protein, and the prognostic value of DLL3 and TTF-1 for SCLC.

Intravoxel Incoherent Motion and Arterial Spin Labeling MRI Analysis of Reversible Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction in Rats.

Background: Renal fibrosis is a common consequence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is the mechanism by which various forms of CKD progress to endstage renal failure. Accurate assessment of renal fibrosis is important for treatment.

Purpose: To measure longitudinal changes of intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) and arterial spin labeling (ASL) before and after reversible unilateral ureteral obstruction in an animal model.

Strong Programmed Death Ligand 1 Expression Predicts Poor Response and De Novo Resistance to EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Among NSCLC Patients With EGFR Mutation.

Introduction: This study evaluated whether tumor expression of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) could predict the response of EGFR-mutated NSCLC to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy.

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated patients who received EGFR-TKIs for advanced NSCLC at the Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute between April 2016 and September 2017 and were not enrolled in clinical studies. The patients' EGFR and PD-L1 statuses were simultaneously evaluated.

VISTA expression associated with CD8 confers a favorable immune microenvironment and better overall survival in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) often arises in the setting of chronic inflammation with multiple inhibitory immune signals. V-domain Ig suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA) is identified as a novel negative checkpoint regulator. This study sought to determine the expression and prognostic value of VISTA in HCC and classify tumor microenvironments (TMEs) based on VISTA and CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs).

Comparison of T1 Mapping and T1rho Values with Conventional Diffusion-weighted Imaging to Assess Fibrosis in a Rat Model of Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction.

Rationale And Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T1 mapping and T1 relaxation time in the rotating frame (T1rho) for assessment of renal fibrosis in a rat model of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO).

Materials And Methods: UUO was created in 36 rats. Six rats were scanned at each of the six time points (on days 0, 1, 3, 5, 10, and 15 after UUO).

Staging of rat liver fibrosis using monoexponential, stretched exponential and diffusion kurtosis models with diffusion weighted imaging- magnetic resonance.

Early diagnosis of liver fibrosis is important. The objective of this study was to explore the characteristics and to assess the accuracy of monoexponential, stretched exponential models (SEM), and diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) with diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI)-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in various stages of liver fibrosis in two standard rat models induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl) and biliary duct ligation (BDL). Parameters (ADC, D, K, DDC, α) were measured with a 3.

EGFR mutation correlates with uninflamed phenotype and weak immunogenicity, causing impaired response to PD-1 blockade in non-small cell lung cancer.

Patients with mutations showed unfavorable response to programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) blockade immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Yet the underlying association between mutation and immune resistance remains largely unclear. We performed an integrated analysis of PD-ligand 1(PD-L1)/CD8 expression and mutation profile based on the repository database and resected early-stage NSCLC in Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute (GLCI).

Genetic and Immune Profiles of Solid Predominant Lung Adenocarcinoma Reveal Potential Immunotherapeutic Strategies.

Introduction: Subtype classification of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) divides different survivals and therapeutic vulnerabilities; however, little is known about the disease's underlying molecular mechanism. This study sought to determine the genetic and immune profiles of histologic subtypes and identify the evidence for adjuvant immunotherapy.

Methods: We performed an integrated analysis of multidimensional data from a discovery set consisting of cohorts of The Cancer Genome Atlas and the Broad Institute data set from the LUAD public database and a validation set from the Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute.

[Expression of asparagine synthetase in relapsed or refractory extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma].

Objective: To detect the expression level of asparagine synthetase (ASNS) in patients with relapsed or refractory extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma and explore its clinical significance.

Methods: Ten patients with relapsed or refractory extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma admitted in our department from January, 2013 to January, 2016 were analyzed. The diagnoses were confirmed by pathological and immunohistochemical examination following failed chemotherapies in all cases.

Assessment of liver fibrosis in rats by MRI with apparent diffusion coefficient and T1 relaxation time in the rotating frame.

Purpose: To explore the value of T1 relaxation times in the rotating frame (T1 ρ or T1 rho) for evaluating liver fibrosis stage, compared to apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs).

Materials And Methods: Liver fibrosis in model rats (n = 50) was produced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4 ) injection. Five rats died during the experiment.

Molecular MRI differentiation between primary central nervous system lymphomas and high-grade gliomas using endogenous protein-based amide proton transfer MR imaging at 3 Tesla.

Objectives: To show the ability of using the amide proton transfer-weighted (APTW) MRI signals as imaging biomarkers to differentiate primary central nervous system lymphomas (PCNSLs) from high-grade gliomas (HGGs).

Methods: Eleven patients with lymphomas and 21 patients with HGGs were examined. Magnetization-transfer (MT) spectra over an offset range of ± 6 ppm and the conventional MT ratio (MTR) at 15.

Intravoxel incoherent motion MRI evaluation for the staging of liver fibrosis in a rat model.

Purpose: To explore the characteristics of intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) in various stages of liver fibrosis, and their relationships with fibrotic stages in rats.

Materials And Methods: Fifty rats were given various doses of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4 ) to induce various fibrotic stages in rats; 15 untreated rats served as controls. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed and eight b-values (0-800 s/mm(2) ) were applied to obtain IVIM parameters (D, pure molecular diffusion; f, perfusion fraction; D*, pseudodiffusion).