Arctiin-encapsulated DSPE-PEG bubble-like nanoparticles inhibit alveolar epithelial type 2 cell senescence to alleviate pulmonary fibrosis the p38/p53/p21 pathway.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a severe and deadly form of diffuse parenchymal lung disease and treatment options are few. Alveolar epithelial type 2 (AEC2) cell senescence is implicated in the pathogenies of IPF. A major bioactive compound from the traditional Chinese medicine , arctiin (ARC) has robust anti-inflammatory, anti-senescence, and anti-fibrosis functions.

Epimedium protects against dyszoospermia in mice with Pex3 knockout by exerting antioxidant effects and regulating the expression level of P16.

Oxidative stress (OS) is one of the primary factors leading to male infertility. Oral administration of antioxidants has thus far been found to significantly improve the quality of human sperm. Therefore, antioxidant treatment has become the consensus among international experts on male infertility.

Corrigendum: Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Tumor Immunity.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.

Dually Functions Between Leaf Senescence and in Response to Biotic Stress in Rice.

Cross talking between natural senescence and cell death in response to pathogen attack is an interesting topic; however, its action mechanism is kept open. In this study, 33 genes were obtained by screening with leaf aging procedure through RNA-seq dataset, and 11 of them were confirmed a significant altered expression level in the flag leaves during aging by using the reverse transcript quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Among them, the , , , , and members exhibited short-term alteration in transcriptional levels in response to infection.

Identifying Differentially Expressed Genes of Zero Inflated Single Cell RNA Sequencing Data Using Mixed Model Score Tests.

Single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) allows quantitative measurement and comparison of gene expression at the resolution of single cells. Ignoring the batch effects and zero inflation of scRNA-seq data, many proposed differentially expressed (DE) methods might generate bias. We propose a method, single cell mixed model score tests (scMMSTs), to efficiently identify DE genes of scRNA-seq data with batch effects using the generalized linear mixed model (GLMM).

Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Tumor Immunity.

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) represent one of the main tumor-infiltrating immune cell types and are generally categorized into either of two functionally contrasting subtypes, namely classical activated M1 macrophages and alternatively activated M2 macrophages. The former typically exerts anti-tumor functions, including directly mediate cytotoxicity and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) to kill tumor cells; the latter can promote the occurrence and metastasis of tumor cells, inhibit T cell-mediated anti-tumor immune response, promote tumor angiogenesis, and lead to tumor progression. Both M1 and M2 macrophages have high degree of plasticity and thus can be converted into each other upon tumor microenvironment changes or therapeutic interventions.

NDR2 promotes the antiviral immune response via facilitating TRIM25-mediated RIG-I activation in macrophages.

Retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I), a pivotal cytosolic sensor, recognizes viral RNAs to initiate antiviral innate immunity. However, posttranslational regulation of RIG-I signaling is not well understood. We report here that nuclear Dbf2-related kinase 2 (NDR2) functions as a crucial positive regulator of the RIG-I-mediated antiviral immune response.