The present study aim to investigate the effects of three drying processes on the flavor-related compounds and sensory quality of summer black tea. A total of 234 flavonoids and 1200 volatile compounds were identified in tea samples by using UPLC-MS/MS and HS-SPME-GC-MS, respectively. It was found that the combining hot-air and roasting drying process increased the level of epigallocatechin, epicatechin, gallic acid, theaflavins, and umami and sweet amino acids in tea samples.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Xiaoyao pills (XYP) is a commercial Chinese patent medicine used in the treatment of depression. However, the mechanisms underlying its therapeutic effects, as well as the patients who can benefit from XYP, have not been evaluated so far.
Objectives: To this end, we conducted a double-blinded, random, and placebo-controlled clinical trial of orally administered XYP in patients with depression.
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a psychiatric disorder that affects an increasing number of people worldwide. The mechanisms of BD are unclear, but some studies have suggested that it may be related to genetic factors with high heritability. Moreover, research has shown that chronic stress can contribute to the development of major illnesses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSecond-drying has an impact on the development of flavor and aroma in black tea. However, the effect of the shape changes of the tea leaves during second-drying on the quality of black tea has yet to be evaluated. In this study, GC-TOFMS and UPLC-HRMS identified 411 volatile metabolites and 253 nonvolatile metabolites.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHot-air and heat-conduction drying are the most common drying patterns in green tea production. However, the differences between them in terms of the resulting green tea chemical compounds have not been illustrated systematically. In this study, 515 volatile and 204 nonvolatile metabolites were selected to compare the differences between hot-air drying green tea (HAGT) and four heat-conduction drying green teas (HCDGTs) using widely targeted metabolomics.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is characterized by significant and persistent fatigue. Ginseng is a traditional anti-fatigue Chinese medicine with a long history in Asia, as demonstrated by clinical and experimental studies. Ginsenoside Rg1 is mainly derived from ginseng, and its anti-fatigue metabolic mechanism has not been thoroughly explored.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe purpose of this study was to use network pharmacology, biomedical images and molecular docking technology in the treatment of breast cancer to investigate the feasible therapeutic targets and mechanisms of trastuzumab. In the first place, we applied pubchem swisstarget (http://www.swisstargetprediction.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDepression is a common mental disorder characterized by pessimism and world-weariness. In our previous study, we found that Xiaoyaosan (XYS) could have antidepressive effects, however the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Several studies have shown that adenosine A (2 A) receptor (A2AR) in the brain is a key point in the treatment of depression.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPaeoniflorin (PF) represents the major bioactive constituent of the traditional Chinese medicine plant (Ranunculaceae), which has a long history as a folk medicine in Asian. Paeoniflorin, a bitter pinene monoterpene glycoside, has antidepressant effects, but its potential therapeutic mechanism has not been thoroughly explored. Experimental depression in rats was established by the chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) combined with orphan method, and the efficacy of paeoniflorin on depression was evaluated by the sucrose preference test and open field test.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Many studies about depression have focused on the dysfunctional synaptic signaling in the hippocampus that drives the pathophysiology of depression. Radix Bupleuri has been used in China for over 2000 years to regulate liver-qi. Extracted from Radix Bupleuri, Saikosaponin D (SSD) is a pharmacologically active substance that has antidepressant effects.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer-delimited particles released by cells, which play an essential role in intercellular communication by delivering cellular components including DNA, RNA, lipids, metabolites, cytoplasm, and cell surface proteins into recipient cells. EVs play a vital role in the pathogenesis of depression by transporting miRNA and effector molecules such as BDNF, IL34. Considering that some herbal therapies exhibit antidepressant effects, EVs might be a practical delivery approach for herbal medicine.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDepression is a stress-related disorder that seriously threatens people's physical and mental health. Xiaoyaosan is a classical traditional Chinese medicine formula, which has been used to treat mental depression since ancient times. More and more notice has been given to the relationship between the occurrence of necroptosis and the pathogenesis of mental disorders.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIt is revealed that Xiaoyaosan could reduce glutamate level in the hippocampus of depressed rats, whose metabolism leads to the pathophysiology of depression. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study aims to explore the effect of Xiaoyaosan on glutamate metabolism, and how to regulate the excitatory injury caused by glutamate.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: At present, the pathogenesis of depression is not fully understood, and nearly half of depression patients experience no obvious effects during treatment. This study aimed to establish a depression mouse model to explore the possible role of ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of depression, and observe the effects of Xiaoyaosan on PEBP1-GPX4-mediated ferroptosis in the hippocampus.
Methods: Forty-eight male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into a control group, CUMS group, Xiaoyaosan group and fluoxetine group, and the model was established by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) for a successive 6 weeks.
Abstract: Astrocytes in the hippocampus are immediately relevant to depressive-like behavior. By regulating their activities, Xiaoyaosan (XYS), a traditional Chinese medicine compound, works in the treatment of depression.
Objective: Chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) rat model was established to observe the regulation of XYS.
Free Wanderer Powder (FWP) is a classic formula for depression with digestive dysfunctions, i.e., liver-depression and spleen-deficiency syndrome (LDSDS) in Chinese Medicine.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a serious form of premenstrual syndrome with mental symptoms as its main manifestation, which seriously affects women's health and daily life. Some basic research and clinical studies have shown that the Chinese herbal medicine of Xiaoyaosan can relieve the symptoms of mental disorders with few side effects. The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical efficacy of Xiaoyaosan for treating PMDD with liver-qi depression syndrome.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) is a water-soluble component of the safflower (, and research has revealed that HSYA exhibits antitumor effects. In the present study, the effects of HSYA on the autophagy of a Hep-G2 liver cancer cell line, as well as the underlying mechanisms, were investigated. Hep-G2 cells were treated with HSYA and the viability of cells was measured using an MTT assay.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe functional regulation of the orexin system in the central nervous system is closely related to the occurrence and development of psychotic disorders. Abnormal changes in the lateral region of the hypothalamus are associated with the comorbidity of depression and physical symptoms, and how the traditional Chinese formula Xiaoyaosan regulates these changes may reveal aspects of the pathogenesis of depression. This study aimed to establish a rat model of depression in order to examine changes in Orexin A/OxR1 expression in the lateral region of the hypothalamus and the effects of Xiaoyaosan.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChronic stress is an important risk factor for depression. The nesfatin-1 (NES1)-oxytocin (OT)-proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neural pathway, which is involved in the stress response, was recently shown to have an anorectic effect in the hypothalamus. Our previous study showed that Xiaoyaosan, a well-known antidepressant used in traditional Chinese medicine, effectively relieved appetite loss induced by chronic immobilization stress (CIS).
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