Life cycle assessment for evaluation of novel solvents and technologies: A case study of flavonoids extraction from Ginkgo biloba leaves.

Innovative solvents such as deep eutectic solvents (DESs) and process intensification technologies assisted by ultrasound have been demonstrated to be promising pathways for enhancing solid-liquid extraction. Nevertheless, quantitative and systematic knowledge of their environmental impact is still limited. In this work, a case study of flavonoids extraction from Ginkgo biloba leaves was evaluated by using life cycle assessment (LCA) for comparison of three extraction scenarios.

Silencing FUT4 Inhibits the Progression of Osteosarcoma through Activation of FOXO1.

Background: It has been reported that inhibition of Fucosyltransferase4 (FUT4) to activate Forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) can lead to apoptosis of cancer cells, however, the mechanism in osteosarcoma is still unclear.

Objective: To explore the biological significance of the connection between FUT4 and FOXO1 in osteosarcoma growth.

Methods: In vitro tests were conducted using the human osteoblast cell line and the osteosarcoma cell lines.

Improved ergonomic layout design of metro control center based on virtual simulation technology and genetic algorithm.

For the existing control center layout methods do not have targeted measures to implement human factors requirements, this paper puts forward a specific human factors design method for metro control center layout. This method covers the overall process of ergonomic standards and actual engineering requirements in personal space determination, overall location design, and personnel post layout. It introduces discrete personnel simulation to assist in physical control center layout design for the controllers' safety.

Iridoid-glycoside isolation and purification from Premna fulva leaves.

Premna fulva Craib, rich in iridoid glycosides, is widely used to treat periarthritis, osteoproliferation, pain, and other diseases. However, no studies have reported effective purification methods for obtaining iridoid glycosides as active materials. This paper describes an efficient strategy for separating iridoid glycosides from Premna fulva leaves using high-speed counter-current chromatography and preparative high-performance liquid chromatography.

MiR-125b-5p/STAT3 Axis Regulates Drug Resistance in Osteosarcoma Cells by Acting on ABC Transporters.

Background: The poor prognosis of the highly malignant tumor osteosarcoma stems from its drug resistance and therefore exploring its resistance mechanisms will help us identify more effective treatment options. However, the effects of miR-125b-5p on drug resistance in osteosarcoma cells are still unclear.

Methods: To study the effects of miR-125b-5p on drug resistance in osteosarcoma cells.

GUESS - A simple approach to accelerate optimization countercurrent separation.

The generally useful estimate of solvent systems (GUESS) method, which is based on thin layer chromatography, is a simple and practical method for selecting solvent systems for countercurrent chromatography (CCC). However, it is rarely used for complex samples derived from natural products. In this study, GUESS was used for CCC solvent system selection and polarity-adjusted CCC separations of several fractions, which were obtained from a silica gel column containing complex compositions with a broad polarity from Salvia bowleyana Dunn.

The generally useful estimate of solvent systems method facilitates off-line two-dimensional countercurrent chromatography for isolating compositions from Siraitia grosvenorii roots.

Solvent system selection is a crucial and the most time-consuming step for successful countercurrent chromatography separation. A thin-layer chromatography-based generally useful estimate of solvent systems method has been developed to simplify the solvent system selection. We herein utilized the method to select a solvent system for off-line two-dimensional countercurrent chromatography to separate chemical compositions from a complex fraction of the Siraitia grosvenorii root extract.

The Effect of Task Interruption on Working Memory Performance.

Objective: This study used electroencephalography to explore the behavioral and electrophysiological effects of task interruption on performance.

Background: Task interruption is known to harm work performance, especially on working memory-related tasks. However, most studies pay little attention to cognitive processes by exploring brain activity and ignore the cumulative effect of sequential interruptions.

The moderation effects of task attributes and mental fatigue on post-interruption task performance in a concurrent multitasking environment.

In a concurrent multitasking environment, performing many types of tasks increases task complexity, and working long hours makes a person susceptible to mental fatigue. Emerging technologies may lead to more task interruptions. This study examines the effects of task attributes and mental fatigue on interrupted task performance in a concurrent multitasking environment.

Preparative isolation of diterpenoids from Salvia bowleyana Dunn roots by high-speed countercurrent chromatography combined with high-performance liquid chromatography.

The root of Salvia bowleyana Dunn (Lamiaceae) is used as a traditional Chinese medicine that has multiple therapeutic effects. In this study, an efficient strategy was developed to separate diterpenoid compounds, which are the main active ingredients in Salvia bowleyana Dunn roots, from complex crude extracts by high-speed countercurrent chromatography combined with preparative high-performance liquid chromatography. A two-phase solvent system comprising n-hexane-ethyl acetate-methanol-water (7:3:7:3, v/v/v/v) was selected for high-speed countercurrent chromatographic separation.

Fatigue-Related Effects in the Process of Task Interruption on Working Memory.

Interruption generally has a negative effect on performance by affecting working memory (WM). However, the neural mechanism of interruption has yet to be understood clearly, and previous studies have largely ignored the role of fatigue state. To address these issues, the present study explores the behavioral and electrophysiological effects of interruption on WM performance using electroencephalography (EEG) data.

Vicenin 3 ameliorates ECM degradation by regulating the MAPK pathway in SW1353 chondrocytes.

Aberrant destruction of the articular extracellular matrix (ECM) has been considered to be one of the pathological features of osteoarthritis (OA) which results in chondrocyte changes and articular cartilage degeneration. The MAPK signaling pathway serves a key role by releasing cartilage-degrading enzymes from OA chondrocytes. However, the use of MAPK inhibitors for OA is hindered by their potential long-term toxicity.

Hypoglycemic effects of esculeoside A are mediated via activation of AMPK and upregulation of IRS-1.

Background: Tomato fruit (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) has been suggested to be useful for the prevention of diabetes. Esculeoside A is the main saponin compounds in tomatoes.

Preparation of flavone di-C-glycoside isomers from Jian-Gu injection (Premna fulva Craib.) using recycling counter-current chromatography.

Jian-Gu Injection (JGI, Premna fulva Craib) has been demonstrated to be effective in the clinical treatment of bone hyperplasia. However, an effective purification method of the JGI flavone C-glycosides as reference materials is not available. The present work developed a recycling counter-current chromatography approach to prepare these materials in high quality.

Phenolic Compounds from the Leaves of Castanopsis fargesii.

In the course of a phytochemical and chemotaxonomical investigation of species (Fagaceae), three new phenolic compounds, (3,1')-[1'-(6″--galloyl-β-d-gluco-pyranosyl)oxyethyl]-3-hydroxy-dihydrofuran-2(3)-one (), (2,3)-2-[2'-(galloyl)oxyethyl]-dihydroxybutanoic acid (), and (3,4)-3-hydroxymethyl-3,4-dihydro-5,6,7-trihydroxy-4-(4'-hydroxy-3'-methoxyphenyl)-1-[2]-benzopyran-1-one () were isolated from the fresh leaves of . In addition, a known phenolic glycoside, gentisic acid 5--α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-d-glucopyranoside () was also isolated and identified. Their structures were elucidated by means of spectroscopic methods including one- and two-dimensional NMR techniques.

Studies on chemical fingerprints of Siraitia grosvenorii fruits (Luo Han Guo) by HPLC.

A novel, efficient, and accurate fingerprinting method using high performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detection has been developed and optimized for the investigation and demonstration of the variance in chemical properties among Siraitia grosvenorii fruits from different origins. The effects of growth stages, cultivated varieties, collection locations, and fruit portions of the herb on chromatographic fingerprints were examined. Eleven compounds were identified on chromatograms by comparing the retention time and UV spectrum of each peak separately with those of external references.

New pregnane glycosides from Brucea javanica and their antifeedant activity.

Three new pregnane glycosides, 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(20R)-pregn-5-ene-3β,20-diol (1), 3-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(20R)-pregn-5-ene-3β,20-diol-20-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), 3-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(20R)-pregn-5-ene-3β,20-diol-20-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranoside (3) were isolated along with four known compounds, 4-7, from the leaves and stems of Brucea javanica. Their structures were determined by detailed analyses of 1D- and 2D-NMR spectroscopic data. All of the compounds isolated from Brucea javanica were tested for the antifeedant activities against the larva of Pieris rapae.

[Determination of esculeoside A in Lycopersicon esculentum MILL by high performance liquid chromatography with evaporative light scattering detection].

A method for the determination of esculeoside A in Lycopersicon esculentum MILL by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with evaporative light scattering detection (ELSD) was established. The results showed that esculeoside A had good linearity in the range of 0.61-3.