Thermal insulation fibers with a Kevlar aerogel core and a porous Nomex shell.

Kevlar aerogel fibers which inherit the aerogel's brilliant properties of low density, high porosity and large surface area are promising candidates for thermal insulation applications in textiles. To enhance the mechanical strength of Kevlar aerogel fibers, an extra Nomex shell was introduced by a simple coaxial-wet-spinning approach. The resultant coaxial fibers were observed to have a Kevlar aerogel core and a porous Nomex shell.

Physiological changes of seedlings inoculated with spp. under drought stress.

Tree regeneration is significantly affected by water deficiency, which could be alleviated by the inoculation of spp In this study, the effects of rhizosphere inoculation with spp on the antioxidant system and osmotic substances in the seedlings of was investigated under experimental drought stresses, with the relative water content 50%-60%, 35%-50%, and 20%-35% as the light, moderate and severe drought stress, respectively. The results showed that, with increasing drought stress, the activities of protective enzymes, SOD and POD in the needles of seedlings were significantly promoted, the contents of MDA and proline were remarkably increased, whereas the contents of soluble protein and starch showed a decreasing trend. Inoculation with spp promoted much stronger increase in the activities of SOD and POD in the needles, yet the MDA content showed a lower level of increase.

Identification of 48 full-length MHC-DAB functional alleles in miiuy croaker and evidence for positive selection.

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules play a vital role in the immune response and are a highly polymorphic gene superfamily in vertebrates. As the molecular marker associated with polymorphism and disease susceptibility/resistance, the polymorphism of MHC genes has been investigated in many tetrapods and teleosts. Most studies were focused on the polymorphism of the second exon, which encodes the peptide-binding region (PBR) in the α1- or β1-domain, but few studies have examined the full-length coding region.

Characterization of 40 full-length MHC class IIA functional alleles in miiuy croaker: Polymorphism and positive selection.

The major histocompatibility complex is a highly polymorphic gene superfamily in vertebrates that plays an important role in adaptive immune response. In the present study, we identified 40 full-length miiuy croaker MHC class IIA (Mimi-DAA) functional alleles from 26 miiuy croaker individuals and found that the alleles encode 30 amino acid sequences. A high level of polymorphism in Mimi-DAA was detected in miiuy croaker.

Molecular characterization of three IRF1 subfamily members reveals evolutionary significance of IRF11 in miiuy croaker.

The interferon regulatory factors IRF1 and IRF2 of the IRF1 subfamily play essential roles in immune responses against viruses. IRF11 is a novel IRF gene of the IRF1 subfamily; IRF11 genes share almost the same evolutionary distance with IRF1 and IRF2 genes. However, the structure and characteristics of IRF11 gene in fish have been rarely reported.

Characterization of the miiuy croaker (Miichthys miiuy) transcriptome and development of immune-relevant genes and molecular markers.

Background: The miiuy croaker (Miichthys miiuy) is an important species of marine fish that supports capture fisheries and aquaculture. At present commercial scale aquaculture of this species is limited due to diseases caused by pathogens and parasites which restrict production and limit commercial value. The lack of transcriptomic and genomic information for the miiuy croaker limits the ability of researchers to study the pathogenesis and immune system of this species.

Conserved structural complement component C3 in miiuy croaker Miichthys miiuy and their involvement in pathogenic bacteria induced immunity.

Complement component C3 is a key protein in the complement system whose activation is essential for all the important functions performed by this system. In this study, the complete C3 cDNA sequence was isolated from the miiuy croaker (Miichthys miiuy), which was high similarity to other complement C3. In this study, we report the primary sequence, the tissue expression profile, the polypeptide domain architecture and the phylogenetic analysis of miiuy croaker C3 gene.

Miiuy croaker transferrin gene and evidence for positive selection events reveal different evolutionary patterns.

Transferrin (TF) is a protein that plays a central role in iron metabolism. This protein is associated with the innate immune system, which is responsible for disease defense responses after bacterial infection. The clear link between TF and the immune defense mechanism has led researchers to consider TF as a candidate gene for disease resistance.

Complete mitochondrial genome of the red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus (Perciformes, Sciaenidae): absence of the typical conserved motif in the origin of the light-strand replication.

In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome of the red drum Sciaenops ocellatus was determined first. The genome was 16,500 bp in length and contained 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, and 2 main non-coding regions (the control region and the origin of the light-strand replication); the gene composition and order of which were similar to most other vertebrates. The overall base composition of the heavy strand was T 25.