Solution-Processed Fabrication of NiS-Based Nanoheterostructure on Silicon Heterojunction Photocathode for Boosting Solar Hydrogen Generation.

Silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cell is an advanced and mature photovoltaic cell. Development of photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting devices for hydrogen fuel production using SHJ solar cells is considered as a promising approach to address energy crisis. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to deposit passivation layer and cocatalyst layer on the photoelectrode.

Multiple Enzyme-Mimicking CuMOF-Driven Self-Cascading Antioxidant Reaction for Synergistic Electrochemiluminescence Modulation in Ultrasensitive Biosensing.

Developing nanozyme-based free radical scavenging is a promising signal modulation approach for ECL sensing. Nevertheless, the relatively low antioxidant activity and inherent pro-oxidant activity of numerous nanozymes have significantly hindered the development of this strategy. Here a biofunctional copper-based metal-organic framework (CuMOF) with multiple enzyme-mimicking activities was employed for the modulation of the ECL immunosensor, guided by the self-cascade antioxidant reaction.

The synthesis of 3D organic-inorganic hybrid heterojunctions of g-CN nanoneedles@TiC MXene with superior photocatalytic H evolution.

3D organic-inorganic hybrid heterojunctions of 1D carbon nitride (g-CN) nanoneedles anchoring on 2D TiC MXene nanosheets have been constructed a green molten salt treatment. The TiC MXene nanosheets and molten salt treatment guide the formation of ordered nanoneedle-like g-CN. Both the formed heterojunctions and the nanoneedle-like structures contribute charge separation and transfer for superior photocatalytic H evolution.

Antiviral Activity of Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators against Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus In Vitro and In Vivo.

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV), also known as the Dabie Banda virus, is an emerging tick-borne Bunyavirus that causes severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS). Currently, symptomatic treatment and antiviral therapy with ribavirin and favipiravir are used in clinical management. However, their therapeutical efficacy is hardly satisfactory in patients with high viral load.

In vitro and in vivo inhibition of the host TRPC4 channel attenuates Zika virus infection.

Zika virus (ZIKV) infection may lead to severe neurological consequences, including seizures, and early infancy death. However, the involved mechanisms are still largely unknown. TRPC channels play an important role in regulating nervous system excitability and are implicated in seizure development.

Chemoproteomics enables identification of coatomer subunit zeta-1 targeted by a small molecule for enterovirus A71 inhibition.

Human enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) is a significant etiological agent responsible for epidemics of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) in Asia-Pacific regions. There are presently no licensed antivirals against EV-A71, and the druggable target for EV-A71 remains very limited. The phenotypic hit 10,10'-bis(trifluoromethyl) marinopyrrole A derivative, herein termed MPA-CF, is a novel potent small-molecule inhibitor against EV-A71, but its pharmacological target(s) and antiviral mechanisms are not defined.

Constructing an Open-Structured J-Type ZnInS/In(OH) Heterojunction for Photocatalytical Hydrogen Generation.

Constructing heterojunctions to separate photogenerated carriers is an effective strategy for improving the efficiency of photocatalytic reactions. A J-type heterojunction is a recently reported efficient anisotropic heterojunction. Herein, taking anisotropic ZnInS (ZIS) nanosheets as an example of a type-II heterojunction, we report for the first time the concept of open and closed structures (O and C structure) of J-type heterojunctions.

Precisely Assembling a CoO Cocatalyst onto TbO/CN and Pt-TbO/CN for Promoting Photocatalytic Overall Water Splitting.

Photocatalytic overall water splitting (POWS) is a promising approach for solar-to-hydrogen conversion. For achieving this target, it is urgent to develop efficient photocatalysts. Constructing a heterojunction and loading a cocatalyst are two effective strategies for enhancing POWS.

Solution Processing Silicon Heterojunction Photocathode for Efficient and Stable Hydrogen Production.

Efficient and stable photocathodes are crucial for the development of photoelectrochemical (PEC) water-splitting devices. Silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cell is one of the most advanced photovoltaic cells. However, due to the instability of its outermost indium tin oxide (ITO) layers in the electrolyte, a protective layer needs to be introduced on its surface.

[3-Deazaadenosine (3-DAA) accelerates Japanese encephalitis virus replication and down-regulates levels of inflammatory factors in mouse and hamster cells].

Objective To investigate the effect of 3-deazaadenosine (3-DAA), an N-methyladenosine (mA) methylation modification inhibitor, on the replication of the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). Methods Neuro2a mouse neuroblastoma cells, N9 mouse microglial cells, and BHK baby hamster kidney cells were exposed to JEV and then treated with 3-DAA. JEV was also injected into the footpad of adult C57BL/6 mice, which were then administered 3-DAA intraperitoneally.

Triplet-branch network with contrastive prior-knowledge embedding for disease grading.

Since different disease grades require different treatments from physicians, i.e., the low-grade patients may recover with follow-up observations whereas the high-grade may need immediate surgery, the accuracy of disease grading is pivotal in clinical practice.

Cross-Modal Vertical Federated Learning for MRI Reconstruction.

Federated learning enables multiple hospitals to cooperatively learn a shared model without privacy disclosure. Existing methods often take a common assumption that the data from different hospitals have the same modalities. However, such a setting is difficult to fully satisfy in practical applications, since the imaging guidelines may be different between hospitals, which makes the number of individuals with the same set of modalities limited.

Facilely and efficiently constructing anti-oil-fouling zwitterionic coatings on membranes for oil-in-water emulsion separation.

A facile and efficient strategy for constructing anti-oil-fouling zwitterionic coatings on membranes is developed. The resultant membrane exhibits excellent anti-oil-fouling ability even in a dry state, and has a high efficiency for emulsion separation with a high flux of 5800 L m h bar and an oil rejection of up to 99.6%.

N6-methyladenosine modification positively regulate Japanese encephalitis virus replication.

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is present in diverse viral RNA and plays important regulatory roles in virus replication and host antiviral innate immunity. However, the role of m6A in regulating JEV replication has not been investigated. Here, we show that the JEV genome contains m6A modification upon infection of mouse neuroblast cells (neuro2a).

Water-based drilling fluids containing hydrophobic nanoparticles for minimizing shale hydration and formation damage.

Wellbore instability is always inevitable in shale formation due to hydration, swelling, and dispersion of clay, especially when using water-based drilling fluids (WBDFs). To mitigate the wellbore instability of shale formation and avoid correlative detriments such as formation damage, various nano-silica particles (nano-SiO) were employed to plug the nano-sized pores, inhibit water invasion into shale, and prevent shale swelling. Firstly, the influence of various nano-SiO on rheological and filtration properties of a set WBDF was evaluated.

Amplified Targeted Drug Delivery Independent of Target Number through Alternative Administration of Two Matched Nanoparticles.

Targeting nanoparticles (NPs) based on the specific binding of ligands with molecular targets provides a promising tool for tissue-selective drug delivery. However, the number of molecular targets on the cell surface is limited, hindering the number of NPs that can bind and, thus, limiting the therapeutic outcome. Although several strategies have been developed to enhance drug delivery, such as enhancing drug loading and circulation time or increasing the enhanced permeability and retention effect of nanocarriers, none have resolved this issue.

Adversarial Medical Image with Hierarchical Feature Hiding.

Deep learning based methods for medical images can be easily compromised by adversarial examples (AEs), posing a great security flaw in clinical decision-making. It has been discovered that conventional adversarial attacks like PGD which optimize the classification logits, are easy to distinguish in the feature space, resulting in accurate reactive defenses. To better understand this phenomenon and reassess the reliability of the reactive defenses for medical AEs, we thoroughly investigate the characteristic of conventional medical AEs.

A deep weakly semi-supervised framework for endoscopic lesion segmentation.

In the field of medical image analysis, accurate lesion segmentation is beneficial for the subsequent clinical diagnosis and treatment planning. Currently, various deep learning-based methods have been proposed to deal with the segmentation task. Albeit achieving some promising performances, the fully-supervised learning approaches require pixel-level annotations for model training, which is tedious and time-consuming for experienced radiologists to collect.

Automatic view plane prescription for cardiac magnetic resonance imaging via supervision by spatial relationship between views.

Background: View planning for the acquisition of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging remains a demanding task in clinical practice.

Purpose: Existing approaches to its automation relied either on an additional volumetric image not typically acquired in clinic routine, or on laborious manual annotations of cardiac structural landmarks. This work presents a clinic-compatible, annotation-free system for automatic CMR view planning.

Nuclei segmentation with point annotations from pathology images via self-supervised learning and co-training.

Nuclei segmentation is a crucial task for whole slide image analysis in digital pathology. Generally, the segmentation performance of fully-supervised learning heavily depends on the amount and quality of the annotated data. However, it is time-consuming and expensive for professional pathologists to provide accurate pixel-level ground truth, while it is much easier to get coarse labels such as point annotations.

Effect of molten-salt modulation on the composition and structure of g-CN-based photocatalysts.

Graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN), as an attractive metal-free polymer photocatalyst, has attracted extensive attention in energy and environmental fields in recent years. The photoactivity of bulk g-CN is moderate on account of solid-phase thermal-condensation synthesis. This leads to inadequate light absorption, limited surface area, and easy recombination of charge carriers.

Construction of π-conjugated crystalline carbon dots with carbon nitride nanofragments for efficient photocatalytic H evolution.

Crystalline carbon dots (CCDs) embedded in carbon nitride (CN) nanofragments (CCDs-CN) have been developed through facile molten salt treatment. Molten salt treatment not only reconstructs CN layered sheets to form nanofragments, but also promotes the crystallization of CDs-CN. The π-conjugated electric field between CCDs and CN accelerates charge carrier separation for efficient photocatalytic H evolution.

Synthesis of oriented J type ZnInS@CdInS heterojunction by controllable cation exchange for enhancing photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.

Construction of semiconductor heterojunctions which promote the separation and transport of photogenerated carriers is an effective strategy for improving photocatalytic reaction efficiency. Based on the anisotropic electrical conductivity of layered ZnInS (ZIS) photocatalyst, an efficient heterojunction should be constructed along the layer plane of ZIS, that is, a J type heterojunction. However, achieving controllable synthesis of the oriented heterojunction of ZIS faces challenges.

In vitro and in vivo efficacy of Molnupiravir against Zika virus infections.

• Molnupiravir exhibits effective antiviral activity against ZIKV • Intraperitoneal administration of Molnupiravir protects mice from lethal ZIKV challenge. • Molnupiravir might act on the replication phase of the ZIKV life cycle.