Coding and non-coding polymorphisms in alcohol dehydrogenase alters protein expression and alcohol-associated erythema.

Ethanol (EtOH), isopropyl alcohol (IPA), and propylene glycol (PG) increase topical drug delivery, but are sometimes associated with erythema. A potential genetic basis for alcohol-associated erythema was investigated as the function of polymorphisms in coding and non-coding regions of class IB alcohol dehydrogenase (ADHIB) and evaluated for altered gene expression in vitro and metabolic activity in vivo via altered skin blood flow (Doppler velocimeter) and erythema (reflectance colorimeter a*) following topical challenge to 5 M EtOH, IPA, PG, and butanol (ButOH). Promoter polymorphisms G-887A and C-739T and exon G143A form eight ADHIB haplotypes with different frequencies in Caucasians vs Asians and exhibit variable gene expression and metabolic activity.

Design of cervical pedicle locator and three-dimensional location of cervical pedicle.

Study Design: To develop a high-accuracy, easy-manipulated, and low-cost cervical pedicle three-dimensional locator for guiding cervical pedicle screw placement.

Objectives: To improve the safety of cervical pedicle screw insertion, simplify its manipulation, and offer safety guarantees in clinical application.

Summary Of Background Data: Because of the complicacy of the anatomic structure of cervical pedicle, clinical application of cervical pedicle screw remained hard to popularize.