Revealing the full biosphere structure and versatile metabolic functions in the deepest ocean sediment of the Challenger Deep.

Background: The full biosphere structure and functional exploration of the microbial communities of the Challenger Deep of the Mariana Trench, the deepest known hadal zone on Earth, lag far behind that of other marine realms.

Results: We adopt a deep metagenomics approach to investigate the microbiome in the sediment of Challenger Deep, Mariana Trench. We construct 178 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) representing 26 phyla, 16 of which are reported from hadal sediment for the first time.

Effect of wheel-rail interface parameters on contact stability in explicit finite element analysis.

It is widely recognized that the accuracy of explicit finite element simulations is sensitive to the choice of interface parameters (i.e. contact stiffness/damping, mesh generation, etc.

Improving the performance of finite element simulations on the wheel-rail interaction by using a coupling strategy.

Over the past few years, a number of implicit/explicit finite element models have been introduced for the purpose of tackling the problems of wheel-rail interaction. Yet, most of those finite element models encounter common numerical difficulties. For instance, initial gaps/penetrations between two contact bodies, which easily occur when realistic wheel-rail profiles are accounted for, would trigger the problems of divergence in implicit finite element simulations.

[Expressions of Dab2 and ERK1 in esophageal carcinoma tissues and their clinical significance].

Objective: To explore the expressions of protein and mRNA of disabled-2 (Dab2) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase1 (ERK1) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma tissue (ESCC) and their clinical significance.

Methods: The expressions of protein and mRNA of Dab2 and ERK1 were detected in ESCC (n = 59), atypical hyperplasia (n = 27) and normal esophageal mucosa (n = 36) tissues by immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

Results: The expressions of protein and mRNA of Dab2 were lesser in ESCC than those in atypical hyperplasia and normal esophageal mucosa tissues (23.