Effect of Interpretation of Positive Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing Reports on the Infection Diagnosis in Patients With Hematological Disorders.

Background: Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) has become a crucial diagnostic tool for infectious diseases in patients with hematological disorders. However, despite the abundant microbial information provided by positive mNGS reports, interpreting these results remains challenging due to the lack of standardized criteria.

Methods: We surveyed 92 clinicians to identify common challenges in understanding mNGS reports.

Genetic and Plasma Proteomic Approaches to Identify Therapeutic Targets for Graves' Disease and Graves' Ophthalmopathy.

Background: The blood proteome is a major source of biomarkers and therapeutic targets. We aimed to identify the causal proteins and potential targets for Graves' disease (GD) and Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) via systematic genetic analyses.

Methods: Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) on the UK Biobank- Pharma Proteomics Project (UKB-PPP) collected 2923 Olink proteins from 54,219 participants.

Early-life famine exposure, genetic susceptibility and risk of MAFLD in adulthood.

Objectives: Early-famine exposure was reported to be associated with metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD); however, it has not been fully elucidated whether the gene-famine interaction exist in this association. We aimed to investigate the association between early-life famine exposure in different genetic risk stratifications and the risk of MAFLD in adulthood.

Design, Setting, Participants, And Measurements: The study included 8213 participants from the SPECT-China study.

Multiple-site decontamination in critically ill patients requires careful implementation.

The EPIC III study showed that 52% of patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) have infectious diseases and that the incidence of ICU-acquired infections is increasing, leading to longer ICU stays and higher mortality rates. Multiple-site decontamination, a type of selective decontamination program, has been associated with a reduction in the incidence of ICU-acquired infection and decreased mortality rates in some critically ill patients. However, the standardized implementation and actual effectiveness of multiple-site decontamination require further investigation.

Correlation between the gut microbiota characteristics of hosts with severe acute pancreatitis and secondary intra-abdominal infection.

Objective: The objective of the study is to investigate the changes in the composition of intestinal microecology in severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) patients with or without intra-abdominal infection and also to analyze the expression of antibiotic resistance genes to provide evidence for early warning of infectious diseases and the rational use of antibiotics.

Methods: Twenty patients with SAP were enrolled in the study. According to whether the enrolled patients had a secondary intra-abdominal infection, they were divided into two groups, each consisting of 10 patients.

Risk of Clostridioides difficile infection following different antibiotics: insights from multi-source medical data.

Objective: Antibiotic utilization stands as the strongest modifiable determinant for Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). However, previous studies have relied on aggregated antibiotic categories, leaving prescribers without detailed comparative risk information for individual antibiotics. The objective of this study was to estimate the risk of CDI comprehensively across specific antibiotics.

Causal relationship between type 1 diabetes mellitus and mycoses: a Mendelian randomization study.

Background: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is frequently associated with various infections, including mycoses; however, the direct link between T1DM and fungal infections remains under-researched. This study utilizes a Mendelian randomization (MR) approach to investigate the potential causal relationship between T1DM and mycoses.

Methods: Genetic variants associated with T1DM were sourced from the European Bioinformatics Institute database, while those related to fungal infections such as candidiasis, pneumocystosis, and aspergillosis were obtained from the Finngen database, focusing on European populations.

A Machine learning model for predicting sepsis based on an optimized assay for microbial cell-free DNA sequencing.

Objective: To integrate an enhanced molecular diagnostic technique to develop and validate a machine-learning model for diagnosing sepsis.

Methods: We prospectively enrolled patients suspected of sepsis from August 2021 to August 2023. Various feature selection algorithms and machine learning models were used to develop the model.

Cardiovascular health, sleeping duration, and risk of mortality in current and former smokers.

Background And Aims: To investigate the associations of ideal cardiovascular health metrics (ICVHMs) with all-cause mortality among former and current smokers compared with never smokers.

Methods And Results: A total of 378,147 participants [mean age (SD) years: 56.3 (8.

Pulmonary strongyloidiasis and hyperinfection in a Patient with idiopathic inflammatory myopathy：A case report.

Pulmonary strongyloidiasis is a rare infection in patients with autoimmune diseases, and immunosuppression can lead to the development of hyperinfection syndrome with a high mortality rate. We present a case of a 78-year-old male with previous idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM) with interstitial lung disease. He developed hyperinfection syndrome and respiratory failure, and diagnostic metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) confirmed the presence of .

Diagnostic performance and clinical impacts of metagenomic sequencing after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Background: Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing (mNGS) is a rapid, non-culture-based, high-throughput technique for pathogen diagnosis. Despite its numerous advantages, only a few studies have investigated its use in patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT).

Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 404 mNGS tests performed on 264 patients after allo-HSCT.

Life's Essential 8 and risk of non-communicable chronic diseases: Outcome-wide analyses.

Background: Life's Simple 7, the former construct of cardiovascular health (CVH) has been used to evaluate adverse non-communicable chronic diseases (NCDs). However, some flaws have been recognized in recent years and Life's Essential 8 has been established. In this study, we aimed to analyze the association between CVH defined by Life's Essential 8 and risk of 44 common NCDs and further estimate the population attributable fractions (PAFs) of low-moderate CVH scores in the 44 NCDs.

Immune-mediated diseases and risk of incident cardiovascular diseases: a prospective cohort study.

Objectives: Disorders of immune system may impact cardiovascular health; however, comprehensive study is lacking. We aimed to analyse the association of total and 20 individual immune-mediated diseases (IMDs) with risk of incident cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Methods: In this prospective cohort study, 414 495 participants (55.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes: an observational and Mendelian randomization study.

Introduction: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are both chronic multisystem diseases that cause tremendous health burdens worldwide. Previous epidemiological studies have found a bidirectional relationship between these two diseases; however, their causality remains largely unknown. We aim to examine the causal relationship between NAFLD and T2DM.

Investigating the shared genetic architecture between schizophrenia and body mass index.

Evidence for reciprocal comorbidity of schizophrenia (SCZ) and body mass index (BMI) has grown in recent years. However, little is known regarding the shared genetic architecture or causality underlying the phenotypic association between SCZ and BMI. Leveraging summary statistics from the hitherto largest genome-wide association study (GWAS) on each trait, we investigated the genetic overlap and causal associations of SCZ with BMI.

Association between Life's Essential 8 score and risk of premature mortality in people with and without type 2 diabetes: A prospective cohort study.

Aims: To evaluate the association of cardiovascular health (CVH), measured by Life's Essential 8 score, with the risk of premature mortality and to determine the patterns of CVH-related differences in life expectancy among people with and without type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Materials And Methods: This prospective study included 309,789 participants (age 56.6 ± 8.

Association between Mean Arterial Pressure during the First 24 Hours and Clinical Outcome in Critically Ill Stroke Patients: An Analysis of the MIMIC-III Database.

Abnormal blood pressure is common in critically ill stroke patients. However, the association between mean arterial pressure (MAP) and mortality of critically ill stroke patients remains unclear. We extracted eligible acute stroke patients from the MIMIC-III database.