The location, physiology, pathology of hippocampus Melatonin MT receptor and MT-selective modulators.

Melatonin, a neurohormone secreted by the pineal gland and regulated by the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus, is synthesized and directly released into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of the third ventricle (3rdv), where it undergoes rapid absorption by surrounding tissues to exert its physiological function. The hippocampus, a vital structure in the limbic system adjacent to the ventricles, plays a pivotal role in emotional response and memory formation. Melatonin MT and MT receptors are G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that primarily mediate melatonin's receptor-dependent effects.

The diagnostic accuracy of contrast echocardiography in patients with suspected cardiac masses: A preliminary multicenter, cross-sectional study.

Background: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of contrast echocardiography (CE) in patients with suspected cardiac masses.

Methods: A multicenter, prospective study involving 108 consecutive patients with suspected cardiac masses based on transthoracic echocardiography performed between November 2019 and December 2020 was carried out. CE examinations were performed in all patients.

GSK2126458 has the potential to inhibit the proliferation of pancreatic cancer uncovered by bioinformatics analysis and pharmacological experiments.

Background: Pancreatic cancer is one of the most serious digestive malignancies. At present, there is an extreme lack of effective strategies in clinical treatment. The purpose of this study is to identify key genes and pathways in the development of pancreatic cancer and provide targets for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.

(Fedde ex H.Wolff) Pimenov & Kljuykov Extract Suppresses Proliferation of HepG2 Cells via the PTEN-PI3K-AKT Pathway Uncovered by Integrating Network Pharmacology and Experiments.

Previous studies have shown that (Fedde ex H.Wolff) Pimenov & Kljuykov extracts (HWEs) have antitumor activity, but their mechanism is still unclear. In this study, we first combined network pharmacology with experimental evaluation and applied a comprehensive strategy to explore and prove the therapeutic potential and potential mechanism of HWE.

Bulbocodin D ameliorate cognitive impairment in APP/PS1 transgenic mice by modulating amyloid-beta burden, oxidative status and neuroinflammation.

Rationale: Amyloid β peptide (Aβ) triggers a series of pathological events including microglial activation, oxidative stress, and inflammation-causing neuronal death and typical pathological changes in Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects and mechanism of bulbocodin D for AD in vivo.

Methods: In this study, Morris water maze (MWM) analysis was used to detect the cognitive ability of APP/PS1 mice after gavage with bulbocodin D for 2 months.

Cannabidiol (CBD) enhanced the hippocampal immune response and autophagy of APP/PS1 Alzheimer's mice uncovered by RNA-seq.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a central nervous system disease characterized by dementia, which has now become a major threat to global health. Cannabidiol (CBD) is a natural component extracted from the hemp plant and exhibits multiple mechanisms to improve the pathological process of AD in vitro and in vivo. However, its underlying molecular mechanism is still unclear.

Biological evaluation of naturally occurring bulbocodin D as a potential multi-target agent for Alzheimer's disease.

In recent years, with the in-depth understanding of the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the development of advanced pharmacological technology, "multi-target" strategy has recently attracted the wide interest of scientists. The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effect and mechanism of bulbocodin D for AD in vitro. In this study, we established the oxidative stress model of SH-SY5Y cells mediated by HO and the inflammatory model of BV2 cells stimulated by LPS.

A Novel Botulinum Toxin TAT-EGFP-HCS Fusion Protein Capable of Specific Delivery Through the Blood-brain Barrier to the Central Nervous System.

Objective: Botulinum toxin has many applications in the treatment of central diseases, as biological macromolecules, it is difficult to pass through the blood-brain barrier which greatly limits their application. In this paper, we verified whether the botulinum toxin heavy chain HCS has a specific neural guidance function.

Methods: We have constructed a fusion protein with botulinum toxin heavy chain and a membrane penetrating peptide TAT (TAT-EGFP-HCS).

Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography of the rabbit VX2 tumor model: Analysis of vascular pathology.

The accuracy of diagnosing tumors may be improved significantly by detecting the microvascular distribution. Indeed, contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) has shown a distinct advantage in detecting microvasculature. This study aimed to determine the angiogenic characteristics of VX2 tumors in rabbits using CEUS.