The activation of autophagy by molecular hydrogen is functionally associated with osmotic tolerance in Arabidopsis.

The role of molecular hydrogen (H) in autophagy during inflammatory response is controversial in mammalian cells. Although the stimulation of H production in response to osmotic stress was observed in plants, its synthetic pathway and the interrelationship between its induction and plant autophagy remain unclear. Here, the induction of autophagy was observed in Arabidopsis upon osmotic stress, assessing by the autophagosome formation and autophagy-related genes expression.

Using quality improvement approaches to increase emergency department provider engagement in research participant enrollment during COVID-19 and opioid overdose public health emergencies.

Purpose: We utilized quality improvement (QI) approaches to increase emergency department (ED) provider engagement with research participant enrollment during the opioid crisis and coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. The context of this work is the Evaluating Microdosing in the Emergency Department (EMED) study, a randomized trial offering buprenorphine/naloxone to ED patients through randomization to standard or microdosing induction. Engaging providers is crucial for participant recruitment to our study.

Physiologic oxygen responses to smoking opioids: an observational study using continuous pulse oximetry at overdose prevention services in British Columbia, Canada.

Background: In British Columbia, Canada, smoking is the most common modality of drug use among people who die of opioid toxicity. We aimed to assess oxygen saturation (SpO) while people smoked opioids during a pilot study that introduced continuous pulse oximetry at overdose prevention services (OPS) sites.

Methods: This was an observational cohort study, using a participatory design.

Feeling safer: effectiveness, feasibility, and acceptability of continuous pulse oximetry for people who smoke opioids at overdose prevention services in British Columbia, Canada.

Background: Smoking is the most common mode of unregulated opioid consumption overall and implicated in fatal overdoses in British Columbia (BC). In part, perception of decreased risk (e.g.

Bio-inspired, sensitivity-enhanced, bi-directional airflow sensor for turbulence detection.

Detecting airflow turbulence precursors promptly is crucial for ensuring flight safety and control. The initial stages of turbulence involve small reverse flows with random velocities and directions, which are not easily detected by existing airflow sensors. In this study, we designed a bionic, sensitivity-enhanced, bi-directional airflow sensor (BSBA) by incorporating bio-inspired circular tip slits and enlarging the central part of the cruciform beam structure.

H2 supplied via ammonia borane stimulates lateral root branching via phytomelatonin signaling.

A reliable and stable hydrogen gas (H2) supply will benefit agricultural laboratory and field trials. Here, we assessed ammonia borane (AB), an efficient hydrogen storage material used in the energy industry, and determined its effect on plant physiology and the corresponding mechanism. Through hydroponics and pot experiments, we discovered that AB increases tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) lateral root (LR) branching and this function depended on the increased endogenous H2 level caused by the sustainable H2 supply.

Molecular hydrogen positively regulates nitrate uptake and seed size by targeting nitrate reductase.

Although the sources of molecular hydrogen (H2) synthesis in plants remain to be fully elucidated, ample evidence shows that plant-based H2 can regulate development and stress responses. Here, we present genetic and molecular evidence indicating that nitrate reductase (NR) might be a target of H2 sensing that positively regulates nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and seed size in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). The expression level of NR and changes of NUE under control and, in particular, low nitrogen supply were positively associated with H2 addition supplied exogenously or through genetic manipulation.

A methane-cGMP module positively influences adventitious rooting.

Endogenous cGMP operates downstream of CH control of adventitious rooting, following by the regulation in the expression of cell cycle regulatory and auxin signaling-related genes. Methane (CH) is a natural product from plants and microorganisms. Although exogenously applied CH and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) are separately confirmed to be involved in the control of adventitious root (AR) formation, the possible interaction still remains elusive.

Molecular Hydrogen Confers Resistance to Rice Stripe Virus.

Although molecular hydrogen (H) has potential therapeutic effects in animals, whether or how this gas functions in plant disease resistance has not yet been elucidated. Here, after rice stripe virus (RSV) infection, H production was pronouncedly stimulated in Zhendao 88, a resistant rice variety, compared to that in a susceptible variety (Wuyujing No.3).

Molecular hydrogen positively influences lateral root formation by regulating hydrogen peroxide signaling.

Although a previous study discovered that exogenous molecular hydrogen (H) supplied with hydrogen-rich water (HRW) can mediate lateral root (LR) development, whether or how endogenous H influences LR formation is still elusive. In this report, mimicking the induction responses in tomato seedlings achieved by HRW or exogenous hydrogen peroxide (HO; a positive control), transgenic Arabidopsis that overexpressed the hydrogenase1 gene (CrHYD1) from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii not only stimulated endogenous hydrogen peroxide (HO) production, but also markedly promoted LR formation. Above H and HO responses were abolished by the removal of endogenous HO.

Achieving Ultrasensitivity and Long-Term Durability Simultaneously for Microcantilevers Inspired by a Scorpion's Circular Tip Slits.

Microcantilevers are one of the most essential sensitive elements for various mechanical sensors. Their sensing performance determines the index level of a series of sensors. To date, the long-standing trade-off between ultrasensitivity and long-term durability of microcantilevers still remains a challenge.

Characterizing people with frequent emergency department visits and substance use: a retrospective cohort study of linked administrative data in Ontario, Alberta, and B.C., Canada.

Background: Substance use is common among people who visit emergency departments (EDs) frequently. We aimed to characterize subgroups within this cohort to better understand care needs/gaps, and generalizability of characteristics in three Canadian provinces.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study (April 1, 2013 to March 31, 2016) of ED patients in Ontario, Alberta, and British Columbia (B.

The efficacy of PD-1 inhibitors in the maintenance treatment of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: A single-center retrospective analysis.

Purpose: To explore the impact of PD-1 maintenance therapy on the relapse-free survival (RFS) of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL).

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed patients with DLBCL admitted to our center between January 2018 and July 2019 who achieved complete remission (CR) after induction chemotherapy. Forty-five patients who received PD-1 inhibitor maintenance therapy were considered the treatment group.

Phytomelatonin and gasotransmitters: a crucial combination for plant physiological functions.

Melatonin, a molecule that was first identified in animal tissues, has been confirmed to be involved as a potential phytohormone in a variety of plant physiological responses. It is considered primarily as an antioxidant with important actions in controlling reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species. In addition to its role in regulating plant growth and development, phytomelatonin is involved in protection against abiotic and biotic stresses.

Degradation of Carbendazim by Molecular Hydrogen on Leaf Models.

Although molecular hydrogen can alleviate herbicide paraquat and mycotoxins toxicity in plants and animals, whether or how molecular hydrogen influences pesticide residues in plants is not clear. Here, pot experiments in greenhouse revealed that degradation of carbendazim (a benzimidazole pesticide) in leaves could be positively stimulated by molecular hydrogen, either exogenously applied or with genetic manipulation. Pharmacological and genetic increased hydrogen gas could increase glutathione metabolism and thereafter carbendazim degradation, both of which were abolished by the removal of endogenous glutathione with its synthetic inhibitor, in both tomato and in transgenic when overexpressing the hydrogenase 1 gene from .

Bioinspired, Omnidirectional, and Hypersensitive Flexible Strain Sensors.

Sensors are widely used in various fields, among which flexible strain sensors that can sense minuscule mechanical signals and are easy to adapt to many irregular surfaces are attractive for structure health monitoring, early detection, and failure prevention in humans, machines, or buildings. In practical applications, subtle and abnormal vibrations generated from any direction are highly desired to detect and even orientate their directions initially to eliminate potential hazards. However, it is challenging for flexible strain sensors to achieve hypersensitivity and omnidirectionality simultaneously due to the restrictions of many materials with anisotropic mechanical/electrical properties and some micro/nanostructures they employed.

Regulation of chlorothalonil degradation by molecular hydrogen.

Pesticides can accumulate throughout the food chain to potentially endanger human health. Although molecular hydrogen (H) is widely used in industry and medicine, its application in agriculture is just beginning. This study showed that H enhances the degradation of the fungicide chlorothalonil (CHT) in plants, but does not reduce its antifungal efficacy.

Packaging with hydrogen gas modified atmosphere can extend chicken egg storage.

Background: Although hydrogen gas (H ) has been widely used in industry and gradually used in medicine, it is less applied to agriculture, especially in modified atmosphere packing (MAP).

Results: During chicken egg storage, H MAP not only slowed down or delayed the reduction in antioxidant capacities, but also alleviated the deterioration of egg quality. The extent of micro-cracks in the eggshell was also negatively influenced by H , which might result in eggs being less vulnerable to microbes.

Methane control of cadmium tolerance in alfalfa roots requires hydrogen sulfide.

Hydrogen sulfide (HS) is well known as a gaseous signal in response to heavy metal stress, while methane (CH), the most prevalent greenhouse gas, confers cadmium (Cd) tolerance. In this report, the causal link between CH and HS controlling Cd tolerance in alfalfa (Medicago sativa) plants was assessed. Our results observed that the administration of CH not only intensifies HS metabolism, but also attenuates Cd-triggered growth inhibition in alfalfa seedlings, which were parallel to the alleviated roles in the redox imbalance and cell death in root tissues.

Hydrogen agronomy: research progress and prospects.

Agriculture is the foundation of social development. Under the pressure of population growth, natural disasters, environmental pollution, climate change, and food safety, the interdisciplinary "new agriculture" is becoming an important trend of modern agriculture. In fact, new agriculture is not only the foundation of great health and new energy sources, but is also the cornerstone of national food security, energy security, and biosafety.

Genetic elucidation of hydrogen signaling in plant osmotic tolerance and stomatal closure via hydrogen sulfide.

Although ample evidence showed that exogenous hydrogen gas (H) controls a diverse range of physiological functions in both animals and plants, the selective antioxidant mechanism, in some cases, is questioned. Importantly, most of the experiments on the function of H in plants were based on pharmacological approaches due to the synthesis pathway(s) in plants are still unclear. Here, we observed that the seedling growth inhibition of Arabidopsis caused by low doses of mannitol could progressively recover by recuperation, accompanied with the increased hydrogenase activity and H synthesis.

The effect of sleep impairment on gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies.

Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the influence of sleep duration or impairment (poor sleep quality, snoring, and obstructive sleep apnea [OSA]) on gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) risk.

Methods: PubMed, Embase, EBSCO, and WOS databases were searched up to March 4th, 2019. Cohort studies were included and relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were used as the measure of effects.

pH-Dependent Adsorption of Peptides on Montmorillonite for Resisting UV Irradiation.

Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation is considered an energy source for the prebiotic chemical synthesis of life's building blocks. However, it also results in photodegradation of biology-related organic compounds on early Earth. Thus, it is important to find a process to protect these compounds from decomposition by UV irradiation.

Eating Frequency Is Not Associated with Obesity in Chinese Adults.

The prevalence of overweight and obesity has been increasing globally. Recent studies suggest that eating frequency (EF) might be a factor influencing the development of overweight and obesity. This study aims to explore the association between eating frequency and obesity in Chinese adults.

Long sleep duration predicts a higher risk of obesity in adults: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.

Background: The connections between long sleep duration and obesity or weight gain warrant further examination. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate whether long sleep duration was associated with the risk of obesity, weight gain, body mass index (BMI) change or weight change in adults.

Methods: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Elsevier Science Direct, Science Online, MEDLINE and CINAHL were searched for English articles published before May 2017.