Humanized mouse models: A valuable platform for preclinical evaluation of human cancer.

Animal models are routinely employed to assess the treatments for human cancer. However, due to significant differences in genetic backgrounds, traditional animal models are unable to meet bioresearch needs. To overcome this restriction, researchers have generated and optimized immunodeficient mice, and then engrafted human genes, cells, tissues, or organs in mice so that the responses in the model mice could provide a more reliable reference for treatments.

Chimeric Antigen Receptor-T Cell Therapy Decreases Distant Metastasis and Inhibits Local Recurrence Post-surgery in Mice.

Distant metastasis and primary tumor relapse are the two main hurdles to the success of surgical treatment for cancer patients. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and incomplete surgical resection are the primary cause of distant metastasis and local recurrence of tumors, respectively. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified T cells target residual carcinomas and CTCs hold the potential to inhibit primary recurrence and reduce tumor metastasis, but the experimental evidence is lacking.

The morphology of osseous structure in subtalar joint with chronic ankle instability.

Background: Osseous structures have been demonstrated as risk factors for chronic ankle instability (CAI). Previously, the researchers only focused on the osseous structures of ankle, but ignored the osseous structures of subtalar joint(STJ). Accordingly, the aim of our study was to investigate the morphological characteristics of STJ osseous structures in CAI.

In Different Gender Groups, What Is the Impact of the Fibular Notch on the Severity of High Ankle Sprain: A Retrospective Study of 360 Cases.

Objectives: The role of the distal tibiofibular ligament in the occurrence of high ankle sprain (HAS) has been widely studied. But previous studies have overlooked the physiological and anatomical differences between males and females and have not further refined gender. Therefore, the impact of the anatomical morphology of fibular notch (FN) on HAS in different genders is still unclear.

Co-infusion of CAR T cells with aAPCs expressing chemokines and costimulatory ligands enhances the anti-tumor efficacy in mice.

Chimeric antigen receptor-modified T (CAR-T) cell therapy has shown curable efficacy for treating hematological malignancies, while in solid tumors, the immunosuppressive microenvironment causes poor activation, expansion and survival of CAR-T cells, accounting mainly for the unsatisfactory efficacy. The artificial antigen-presenting cells (aAPCs) have been used for ex vivo expansion and manufacturing of CAR-T cells. Here, we constructed a K562 cell-based aAPCs expressing human epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), chemokines (CCL19 and CCL21) and co-stimulatory molecular ligands (CD80 and 4-1BBL).

The Influence of Sagittal Angle of Posterior Malleolus Fracture on Ankle Joint Stability: A Retrospective Study of 120 Cases.

Objective: Due to the different force exerted during the posterior malleolus fracture (PMF), the difference in sagittal angle (SA) between the fracture fragments may affect ankle stability. But this aspect is less well studied and the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between SA and the stability of PMF.

Methods: The imaging data of 120 patients with PMFs from January 2014 to November 2022 were collected retrospectively and reconstructed.

Arctigenin impairs UBC12 enzyme activity and cullin neddylation to attenuate cancer cells.

Neddylation is a type of posttranslational protein modification that has been observed to be overactivated in various cancers. UBC12 is one of two key E2 enzymes in the neddylation pathway. Reports indicate that UBC12 deficiency may suppress lung cancer cells, such that UBC12 could play an important role in tumor progression.

Uridylation: a vital way for cellular RNA surveillance.

RNA uridylation is an efficient posttranscriptional regulator of gene expression conserved in almost all eukaryotes. Terminal uridylyltransferase (TUTase) are responsible for monouridylation and oligouridylation of various RNA substrates, including snRNA, miRNA, mRNA and other ncRNAs. Studies have demonstrated that monouridylation on ncRNA intermediates alters their ultimate products and processing rates, whereas oligouridylation is often employed to degrade particular RNAs with spatio-temporal specificity and responsible for clearance of the aberrant RNAs and viral RNAs.

Association between subtalar articular surface typing and flat foot deformity: which type is more likely to cause flat foot deformity.

Background: Previous studies have shown a wide range of anatomical classifications of the subtalar joint (STJ) in the population and this is related to the different force line structures of the foot. Different subtalar articular surface morphology may affect the occurrence and development of flat foot deformity, and there are fewer studies in this area. The main objective of our study was to determine the association of different subtalar articular surface with the occurrence and severity of flat foot deformity.

Celastrol inhibits cancer metastasis by suppressing M2-like polarization of macrophages.

In recent years, a large amount of clinical and experimental data has shown that M2-like polarized tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play an important role in cancer metastasis. Therefore, TAMs, especially M2-like TAMs is a promising target for anti-tumor metastasis therapy. Here, we found that celastrol dose-dependently suppressed IL-13 induced CD206 expression both in RAW264.

Co-expression network analysis of the transcriptomes of rice roots exposed to various cadmium stresses reveals universal cadmium-responsive genes.

Background: The migration of cadmium (Cd) from contaminated soil to rice is a cause for concern. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the response of rice roots to various Cd stresses remains to be clarified from the viewpoint of the co-expression network at a system-wide scale.

Results: We employed a comparative RNAseq-based approach to identify early Cd-responsive differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in rice 'Nipponbare' seedling roots after 1 h of high-Cd treatment.

Cellular permeation of large molecules mediated by TRPM8 channels.

While most membrane channels are only capable of passing small ions, certain non-selective cation channels have been recently shown to have the capacity to permeate large cations. The mechanisms underlying large molecule permeation are unclear, but this property has been exploited pharmacologically to target molecules, such as nerve conduction blockers, to specific subsets of pain-sensing neurons (nociceptors) expressing the heat-gated transient receptor potential (TRP) channel TRPV1. However, it is not clear if the principal mediator of cold stimuli TRPM8 is capable of mediating the permeation large molecules across cell membranes, suggesting that TRPM8-positive nerves cannot be similarly targeted.

Strong seed-specific protein expression from the Vigna radiata storage protein 8SGα promoter in transgenic Arabidopsis seeds.

Vigna radiata (mung bean) is an important crop plant and is a major protein source in developing countries. Mung bean 8S globulins constitute nearly 90% of total seed storage protein and consist of three subunits designated as 8SGα, 8SGα' and 8SGβ. The 5'-flanking sequences of 8SGα' has been reported to confer high expression in transgenic Arabidopsis seeds.

A Vigna radiata 8S globulin α' promoter drives efficient expression of GUS in Arabidopsis cotyledonary embryos.

Plants are proven effective bioreactors for the production of heterologous proteins including those desired by the biopharmaceutical industry. However, the potential of plants as bioreactors is limited by the availability of characterized plant promoters that can drive target gene expression in relatively distant plant species. Seeds are ideal for protein storage because seed proteins can be kept stably for several months.