CAPN1 Promotes Pseudomonas aeruginosa-Induced Infection by Interacting with TFEB and Inhibiting Autophagy.

Introduction: Autophagy-lysosome pathways play a crucial role in the intracellular killing of pathogenic microorganisms. This study aimed to explore the mechanism by which acute lung injury (ALI) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa affects the autophagy-lysosome pathway.

Methods: ALI mouse models were induced by lipopolysaccharide and P.

Replicase components and the untranslated region of RNA2 synergistically regulate pathogenicity differentiation among different isolates of cucumber mosaic virus.

Changes in critical sites of virus-encoded protein or cis-acting element generally determine pathogenicity differentiation among different isolates of the same plant virus. Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) isolates, which exhibit the most extensively known host range, demonstrate notable pathogenicity differentiation. This study focuses on the severe isolate CMV and mild isolate CMV, both affecting several species within the Solanaceae family, to identify the key factors regulating pathogenicity differentiation.

Enhancing the radiosensitivity of colorectal cancer cells by reducing spermine synthase through promoting autophagy and DNA damage.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC), the third most common cancer worldwide, has increasingly detrimental effects on human health. Radiotherapy resistance diminishes treatment efficacy. Studies suggest that spermine synthase (SMS) may serve as a potential target to enhance the radiosensitivity.

Oxidative cleavage of cellulose by fungi in the termite gut.

Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) of auxiliary activity family 9 (AA9) oxidatively degrade cellulose. Cellulose is degraded by cellulases via hydrolysis in the termite gut. However, it remains uncertain whether oxidative cleavage of cellulose occurs within the termite gut.

Open-vessel polymerization of N-carboxyanhydride (NCA) for polypeptide synthesis.

Synthetic polypeptides, also known as poly(α-amino acids), have the same polyamide backbone structures as natural proteins and peptides. As an important class of biomaterials, polypeptides have been widely used because of their biocompatibility, bioactivity and biodegradability. Ring-opening polymerization of N-carboxyanhydride (NCA) is a classical and widely used method for the synthesis of polypeptides.

VmSom1 is essential for growth, development, maintenance of cell wall integrity and virulence in Valsa mali.

Apple Valsa canker disease, caused by Valsa mali Miyabe et Yamada, severely endangers the healthy growth of apple trees. The Som1, located downstream of the cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase A (cAMP-PKA) pathway, plays crucial roles in the growth, development, morphological differentiation, and virulence of filamentous fungi. In this study, we identify and functionally characterize VmSom1, a homolog of Som1, in Valsa mali.

Recent Advances and Future Developments in the Preparation of Polypeptides via -Carboxyanhydride (NCA) Ring-Opening Polymerization.

Polypeptides have the same or similar backbone structures as proteins and peptides, rendering them as suitable and important biomaterials. Amino acid -carboxyanhydrides (NCA) ring-opening polymerization has been the most efficient strategy for polypeptide preparation, with continuous advance in the design of initiators, catalysts and reaction conditions. This Perspective first summarizes the recent progress of NCA synthesis and purification.

FpPEX5 and FpPEX7 are involved in the growth, reproduction, DON toxin production, and pathogenicity in Fusarium pseudograminearum.

Fusarium crown rot, caused by Fusarium pseudograminearum, is a devastating disease affecting the yield and quality of cereal crops. Peroxisomes are single-membrane organelles that play a critical role in various biological processes in eukaryotic cells. To functionally characterise peroxisome biosynthetic receptor proteins FpPEX5 and FpPEX7 in F.

Reversing Anticancer Drug Resistance by Synergistic Combination of Chemotherapeutics and Membranolytic Antitumor β-Peptide Polymer.

Multidrug resistance is the main obstacle to cancer chemotherapy. Overexpression of drug efflux pumps causes excessive drug efflux from cancer cells, ultimately leading to drug resistance. Hereby, we raise an effective strategy to overcome multidrug resistance using a synergistic combination of membranolytic antitumor β-peptide polymer and chemotherapy drugs.

A dual-targeting antifungal is effective against multidrug-resistant human fungal pathogens.

Drug-resistant fungal infections pose a significant threat to human health. Dual-targeting compounds, which have multiple targets on a single pathogen, offer an effective approach to combat drug-resistant pathogens, although ensuring potent activity and high selectivity remains a challenge. Here we propose a dual-targeting strategy for designing antifungal compounds.

PAK1 Promotes Inflammation Induced by Sepsis through the Snail/CXCL2 Signaling Pathway.

Sepsis is a severe syndrome characterized by organ dysfunction, resulting from a systemic imbalance in response to infection. PAK1 plays a critical role in various diseases. The present study aimed to explore and delineate the mechanism of PAK1 in inflammation induced by sepsis.

Peptide-Mimicking Poly(2-oxazoline)s Possessing Potent Antifungal Activity and BBB Penetrating Property to Treat Invasive Infections and Meningitis.

Invasive fungal infections, including meningitis, cause a high mortality rate due to few available antifungal drugs and frequently associated side effects and quick emergence of drug-resistant fungi. The restrictive permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) further limits the efficacy of antifungal agents substantially in treating meningitis. Hereby, we design and synthesize guanidinium-functionalized poly(2-oxazoline)s by mimicking cell-penetrating peptides.

TCF7 and LEF-1 downregulation in sepsis promotes immune suppression by inhibiting CD4 T cell proliferation.

Background: Previous studies have shown that sepsis is implicated in a reduction in the number and function of CD4 T cells. TCF7 and LEF-1 facilitate early T cell development and lineage selection of CD4 T cells. However, the function and mechanism of TCF7 and LEF-1 in sepsis are uncharacterized.

Facile Construction of Antimicrobial Surface via One-Step Co-Deposition of Peptide Polymer and Dopamine.

The infections associated with implantable medical devices can greatly affect the therapeutic effect and impose a heavy financial burden. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop antimicrobial biomaterials for the prevention and mitigation of healthcare-associated infections. Here, a facile construction of antimicrobial surface via one-step co-deposition of peptide polymer and dopamine is reported.

DOCK8 inhibits the immune function of neutrophils in sepsis by regulating aerobic glycolysis.

Introduction: This study endeavored to investigate the role of DOCK8 in modulating the immune function triggered by sepsis.

Methods: Expression of DOCK8 in the whole blood of sepsis patients and its enrichment pathways were assayed by bioinformatics. Pearson analysis was used to predict the relationship between glycolytic signaling pathway and its relevance to neutrophil function in sepsis.

Determination of the Dissipation Dynamics and Terminal Residue of Bupirimate and Its Metabolites in Cucumber by QuEChERS-Based UPLC-MS/MS.

Bupirimate is widely used as a highly active systemic fungicide. However, the frequent and heavy use of bupirimate has led to pesticide residues in crops that threaten human health and food safety. At present, there is limited research on the detection of ethirimol, which is the metabolite of bupirimate.

Achieving High Efficacy and Low Safety Risk by Balancing Pesticide Deposition on Leaves and Fruits of Chinese Wolfberry ( L.).

Pesticide residue has become the main technical barrier that restricts the export of Chinese wolfberry. Can we achieve high efficacy and low safety risk by balancing pesticide deposition on the leaves and fruits of Chinese wolfberry? In this research, the structural characteristics and wettability of leaves and fruits of Chinese wolfberry at different growth stages were studied. The adaxial and abaxial surfaces of leaves were hydrophobic, whereas the fruit surfaces were hydrophilic.

Microdissecting the Hypoxia Landscape in Colon Cancer Reveals Three Distinct Subtypes and Their Potential Mechanism to Facilitate the Development of Cancer.

Background: Hypoxia contributes to tumor progression and confers drug resistance. We attempted to microdissect the hypoxia landscape in colon cancer (CC) and explore its correlation with immunotherapy response.

Materials And Methods: The hypoxia landscape in CC patients was microdissected through unsupervised clustering.

Risk Factor Analysis of Postoperative Venous Thromboembolism in Patients After Thoracoscopic Lobectomy.

Objective: To analyze independent risk factors for postoperative venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients after thoracoscopic lobectomy and establish a risk model for predicting thrombosis.

Methods: We selected 135 patients who underwent thoracoscopic lobectomy and assigned them to a VTE group ( = 31) and a non-VTE group ( = 104) according to the presence or absence of postoperative VTE. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were built to identify independent risk factors for postoperative thrombosis.

piR-36249 and DHX36 together inhibit testicular cancer cells progression by upregulating OAS2.

Background: PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are a class of noncoding RNAs originally reported in the reproductive system of mammals and later found to be aberrantly expressed in tumors. However, the function and mechanism of piRNAs in testicular cancer are not very clear.

Methods: The expression level and distribution of piR-36249 were detected by RT-qPCR and immunofluorescence staining assay.

Preliminary Evaluation of a Novel Point of Care Diagnostic Device for Sports-Related Concussion.

Objective: Visinin-like protein 1 (VILIP-1) is a neuron-specific calcium sensor protein rapidly released into blood after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and may be a suitable biomarker for identification of sports-related concussion (SRC). The objective of the study is to test if quantification of a specific post-translationally modified (ubiquitinated) form of VILIP-1 (ubVILIP-1) from a fingerstick blood sample using a point of care (POC) lateral flow device (LFD) can be used to rapidly identify athletes with SRC.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Phenolic root exudates enhance Avicennia marina tolerance to cadmium under the mediation of functional bacteria in mangrove sediments.

This study was carried out to demonstrate the mechanism of phenolic root exudates affecting microbial-mediated cadmium (Cd) speciation transformation thus enhancing the Avicennia marina tolerance to Cd. A rhizo-box experiment was conducted including eight treatments with four Cd levels (0, 1, 2, and 4 mg Cd kg) and two phenol levels (0, 15 mg kg). The results showed that the addition of phenols increased the pH, reduced the number of iron-reducing bacteria (IRB) and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB) in the rhizosphere sediments, meanwhile promoted the transformation of Cd to low activity speciation.