Research on the Application of BRBs in Seismic Resistance of Bridge.

The beneficial effects of buckling-restrained braces (BRBs) in bridge engineering have attracted widespread attention in recent years. Firstly, this paper introduces the basic working mechanism of traditional BRBs, and the new forms and new materials of BRBs are also being studied. Secondly, the responses and performances of BRBs applied to (piers) girder bridges, cable-stayed bridges, and arch bridges are systematically studied.

Machine Learning Approach to Predict the Surface Charge Density of Monodispersed Particles in Gas-Solid Fluidized Beds.

Gas-solid fluidized beds are complex particle systems, and the electrostatic behavior of particles in fluidized beds is even more complex, which is influenced by numerous factors such as particle properties and operating conditions. Current studies focus on the effect of a certain factor on particle charging without a global picture. Furthermore, there is no mathematical model that can describe the interaction of multiple factors on particle charging because it is difficult to build a model for such a complex system.

Theoretical Analysis and Optimization of Fine Lignite Drying and Separation with a Pulsed Fluidized Bed.

We established a pulsed fluidized bed system to dry and concurrently separate fine lignite (-6 + 3 and -3 + 1 mm lignite). The kinetics and evaporation of lignite moisture were investigated in the pulsed air flow. The variation in the evaporation rate was studied theoretically with respect to temperature, velocity of the pulsed air flow, and pulsed frequency.

Reverse flotation efficiency and mechanism of various collectors for recycling waste printed circuit boards.

Reverse flotation was used to recover metal components from waste printed circuit boards (PCBs). The micro-morphology and chemical composition analysis of raw materials indicated that waste PCBs are mainly composed of glass fibers, ceramics and valuable metals. The effects of collector dosage and temperature on flotation efficiency were investigated and evaluated.

Studies on Bed Density in a Gas-Vibro Fluidized Bed for Coal Cleaning.

Dry coal beneficiation has played a vital role during the initial stage of coal cleaning in recent years. Successful utilization of a gas-solid fluidized bed for >6 mm coal cleaning motivates scholars to explore the possibility of fine coal cleaning using dry beneficiation methods. In this study, pulsed flow was introduced into a fluidized bed to optimize bubble behavior, thus improving the density stability.

Convection-Induced Fingering Fronts in the Chlorite-Trithionate Reaction.

Based upon a former study, the chlorite-trithionate reaction can avoid the side reactions arising from the well-known alkaline decomposition of polythionates, making it a suitable candidate for investigating spatial front instabilities in a reaction-diffusion-convection system. In this work, the chlorite-trithionate reaction was investigated in a Hele-Shaw cell, in which fingering patterns were observed over a wide range of reactant concentrations. A significant density increment crossing the propagating front indicates that the fingering pattern is generated as a consequence of the buoyancy-driven instability due to the density changes of solute when the gap thickness is less than 4 mm.

Mineralogical analysis of dust collected from typical recycling line of waste printed circuit boards.

As dust is one of the byproducts originating in the mechanical recycling process of waste printed circuit boards such as crushing and separating, from the viewpoints of resource reuse and environmental protection, an effective recycling method to recover valuable materials from this kind of dust is in urgent need. In this paper, detailed mineralogical analysis on the dust collected from a typical recycling line of waste printed circuit boards is investigated by coupling several analytical techniques. The results demonstrate that there are 73.

Experimental, numerical, and mechanistic analysis of the nonmonotonic relationship between oscillatory frequency and photointensity for the photosensitive Belousov-Zhabotinsky oscillator.

The oscillation frequency of a nonlinear reaction system acts as a key factor for interaction and superposition of spatiotemporal patterns. To control and design spatiotemporal patterns in oscillatory media, it is important to establish the dominant frequency-related mechanism and the effects of external forces and species concentrations on oscillatory frequency. In the Ru(bipy)3(2+)-catalyzed Belousov-Zhabotinsky oscillator, a nonmonotonic relationship exists between light intensity and oscillatory frequency (I-F relationship), which is composed of fast photopromotion and slow photoinhibition regions in the oscillation frequency curve.

Comprehensive simultaneous kinetic study of sulfitolysis and thiosulfatolysis of tetrathionate ion: unravelling the unique pH dependence of thiosulfatolysis.

The kinetics of the reactions of tetrathionate with S(IV) species and with thiosulfate in slightly acidic and neutral media were studied concurrently at 25.0 ± 0.1 °C by simultaneous high-performance liquid chromatography monitoring of the concentrations of polythionates (including trithionate, tetrathionate, and pentathionate), thiosulfate, and sulfite.

Separation and recovery of fine particles from waste circuit boards using an inflatable tapered diameter separation bed.

Recovering particle materials from discarded printed circuit boards can enhance resource recycling and reduce environmental pollution. Efficiently physically separating and recovering fine metal particles (-0.5 mm) from the circuit boards are a key recycling challenge.

Novel type of chimera spiral waves arising from decoupling of a diffusible component.

Spiral waves composed of coherent traveling waves surrounding a core containing stochastically distributed stationary areas are found in numerical simulations of a three-variable reaction-diffusion system with one diffusible species. In the spiral core, diffusion of this component (w) mediates transitions between dynamic states of the subsystem formed by the other two components, whose dynamics is more rapid than that of w. Diffusive coupling between adjacent sites can be "on" or "off" depending on the subsystem state.

pH oscillations and mechanistic analysis in the hydrogen peroxide-sulfite-thiourea reaction system.

A new pH oscillator has been constructed by combining the pH clock reaction H2O2-SO3(2-)-H(+) with thiourea (Tu, (NH2)2CS) as a proton-consuming species. The system exhibited oligo-oscillatory behavior in a closed system, and large amplitude oscillations in a continuous-flow stirred tank reactor (CSTR) were observed in a narrow range of input concentrations, flow rate, and temperature. For the purpose of constructing the kinetic model, a reversed-phase ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometer (MS) were used to track and determine intermediate species during the oxidation of thiourea by hydrogen peroxide.

Combined capillary electrophoresis and high performance liquid chromatography studies on the kinetics and mechanism of the hydrogen peroxide-thiocyanate reaction in a weakly alkaline solution.

The hydrogen peroxide-thiocyanate reaction has been reinvestigated by means of capillary electrophoresis and high performance liquid chromatography under weakly alkaline conditions at 25.0±0.1 °C.

Photophobic and phototropic movement of a self-oscillating gel.

A photosensitive self-oscillating gel that incorporates the Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction can undergo rhythmic mechanical oscillations. We exploit the dependence of the oscillation frequency on light intensity to generate both photophobic and phototropic movement of the gel under differential illumination. Our findings may be used in designing intelligent sensors that can execute biomimetic behaviours.

Kinetics and mechanism of the alkaline decomposition of hexathionate ion.

The alkaline decomposition of hexathionate has been investigated by high-performance liquid chromatography monitoring the concentration of polythionates (such as hexathionate, pentathionate, and tetrathionate) and that of thiosulfate simultaneously in buffered medium at a constant ionic strength. As a major final product, unlike in the case of the alkaline decomposition of tetrathionate and pentathionate, a significant amount of sulfur deposition was also observed. Nevertheless, the chromatograms clearly suggested that heptathionate also appears as a key intermediate in a detectable amount during the course of the reaction.

Spiral waves with superstructures in a mixed-mode oscillatory medium.

Diverse spatiotemporal patterns are generated in a three-variable reaction-diffusion model that supports 1(1) mixed-mode oscillations. Diffusion-induced instability results in spatiotemporal patterns such as amplitude-modulated overtargets (circular super-waves superimposed on spiral waves) and superspirals. The types of superstructure waves are determined by the ratio of diffusion coefficients, which controls the interaction and competition between two local oscillatory modes, one of which is the original homogeneous 1(1) mixed-mode oscillation, resulting in periodic amplitude modulation in space.

Kinetics for ammonium ion removal using a three-dimensional electrode system.

Electrochemical oxidation of ammonium ions (NH(4)(+)) by using a three-dimensional electrode (TDE) composed of IrO(2)-Ta(2)O(5)/Ti anode and bamboo carbon was carried out in this paper. Experimental results reveal that the NH(4)(+) oxidation follows first-order kinetics at lower NH(4)(+) concentration and the rate constant is highly dependent on the applied current density, dosage of chlorine ions and initial NH(4)(+) concentration. In addition, increasing current density, more Cl(-) dosage and higher initial NH(4)(+) concentration are beneficial for NH(4)(+) removal.

Bisulfite-driven autocatalysis in the bromate-thiosulfate reaction in a slightly acidic medium.

The thiosulfate-bromate reaction has been studied by high-performance liquid chromatography, monitoring the concentrations of thiosulfate and tetrathionate simultaneously. It is found that concentration-time curves of both species display a sigmoidal shape in a slightly acidic, well-buffered medium. Unlike the previously reported complex reaction systems involving bromate, this nonlinear dynamical behavior originates from neither proton nor bromine(III) autocatalysis under our experimental conditions.

A rate law model for the explanation of complex pH oscillations in the thiourea-iodate-sulfite flow system.

In a continuous flow stirred tank reactor (CSTR), the reaction of thiourea-iodate-sulfite (TuIS) exhibits a rich variety of complex oscillations in pH. The transitions from 1(n) type oscillations to 1(3), 1(2) type and simple oscillations were observed on decreasing the flow rate gradually in small steps at 30.2 °C and 20.

Pattern formation in the iodate-sulfite-thiosulfate reaction-diffusion system.

Sodium polyacrylate-induced pH pattern formation and starch-induced iodine pattern formation were investigated in the iodate-sulfite-thiosulfate (IST) reaction in a one-side fed disc gel reactor (OSFR). As binding agents of the autocatalyst of hydrogen ions or iodide ions, different content of sodium polyacrylate or starch has induced various types of pattern formation. We observed pH pulses, striped patterns, mixed spots and stripes, and hexagonal spots upon increasing the content of sodium polyacrylate and observed iodine pulses, branched patterns, and labyrinthine patterns upon increasing the starch content in the system.

A new strategy for determination of current efficiency during electro-oxidation of aromatic compounds in a packed-bed system.

The electro-oxidation of aromatic compounds in 4,4'-diaminostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic (DSD) acid wastewater on IrO2-Ta2O5/Ti anodes was studied. The current efficiency was evaluated in terms of chemical oxygen demand (COD) by introducing a new factor, the fraction of the Faradaic current to the total cell current (beta) through the network analysis of packed bed electrode system (PBEs). Experimental results using an up-flow PBEs at current intensities ranging from 5 to 16 A m(-2), flow rates ranging from 20 to 80 L h(-1) and inter-electrode distance of 5 to 50 cm are in good agreement with the proposed equation.

Determination of reaction rate constants for phenol oxidation using SnO2/Ti anodes coupled with activated carbon adsorption in the presence of TiO2 as catalyst.

Series of experiments for phenol degradation with assistance of TiO2 catalyst at pH of 6.5 and temperature of 25 degrees C were conducted using a lab-scale electrochemical reactor constructed in our laboratory. According to the results, at the presence of the TiO2 catalyst the removal of phenol was increased and first-order kinetics could describe the evolution of phenol concentration.

High performance liquid chromatography study on the kinetics and mechanism of chlorite-thiosulfate reaction in slightly alkaline medium.

Chlorite-thiosulfate reaction was studied by high performance liquid chromatography under slightly alkaline solution by monitoring the concentration of thiosulfate and tetrathionate simultaneously during the course of reaction. It is demonstrated that various polythionates are formed and the composition of polythionates mainly depends on pH. Initial rate studies have revealed that the formal kinetic order of hydrogen ion is unambiguously unity but that of chlorite ion is significantly larger, while that of thiosulfate is lower than one.

Coupling of anodic oxidation and adsorption by granular activated carbon for chemical oxygen demand removal from 4,4'-diaminostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid wastewater.

Experiments were performed to reduce chemical oxygen demand (COD) from 4,4'-diaminostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic (DSD) acid manufacturing wastewater using electrochemical oxidation coupled with adsorption by granular activated carbon. The COD removal is affected by the residence time and applied voltage. When the residence time is increased, lower value of COD effluent could be obtained, however, the average current efficiency (ACE) decreased rapidly, and so does the applied voltage.

Temperature-induced bifurcations in the Cu(II)-catalyzed and catalyst-free hydrogen peroxide-thiosulfate oscillating reaction.

We study the oxidation dynamics of thiosulfate ions by hydrogen peroxide in the presence of trace amounts of copper(II) using the reaction temperature as a control parameter in a continuous flow stirred tank reactor. The system displays period-doubling, aperodic, and mixed-mode oscillations at different temperatures. We are able to simulate these complex dynamics with a model proposed by Kurin-Csorgei et al.