The roles of autophagy in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy with rapamycin.

Background: Rapamycin is known to induce autophagy, promote cell survival and inhibit the progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN).

Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the role of autophagy in the treatment of DN with rapamycin to provide the basis for the DN treatment with rapamycin.

Material And Methods: Human mesangial cells (HMC) were cultured in a constant temperature incubator with 5% CO2, at 37°C and saturated humidity.

Dump or recycle? Consumer's environmental awareness and express package disposal based on an evolutionary game model.

Along with the rapid development of the express industry and the inevitable trend of sustainable development, the disposal of express packaging is an urgent problem that needs to be solved. With the objective to the effective disposal mode for express packaging, this paper introduces the consumers' environmental awareness into the framework and establishes an evolutionary game model to explore the governing measures of the express packaging recycling industry. It is found that without considering consumers' environmental awareness, the government's reward and punishment mechanism alone cannot restrain the recycler's decision-making effectively, while the participation of the consumers with environmental awareness could drive the strategy of the recycler to converge to the ideal state effectively, which is recycling the express packaging actively.