Post-translational modifications of immune checkpoints: unlocking new potentials in cancer immunotherapy.

Immunotherapy targeting immune checkpoints has gained traction across various cancer types in clinical settings due to its notable advantages. Despite this, the overall response rates among patients remain modest, alongside issues of drug resistance and adverse effects. Hence, there is a pressing need to enhance immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapies.

Activated Graphite with Richly Oxygenated Surface from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries for Microwave Absorption.

Designing spent graphite anodes from lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) for applications beyond regenerated batteries offers significant potential for promoting the recycling of spent LIBs. The battery-grade graphite, characterized by a highly graphitized structure, demonstrates excellent conductive loss capabilities, making it suitable for microwave absorption. During the Li-ion intercalation and deintercalation processes in battery operation, the surface layer of spent graphite (SG) becomes activated, forming oxygen-rich functional groups that enhance the polarization loss mechanism.

A cubic perovskite fluoride anode with the surface conversion reactions dominated mechanism for advanced lithium-ion batteries.

Perovskite fluorides are attractive anode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) because of their three-dimensional diffusion channels and robust structures, which are advantageous for the rapid transmission of lithium ions. Unfortunately, the wide band gap results in poor electronic conductivity, which limits their further development and application. Herein, the cubic perovskite iron fluoride (KFeF, KFF) nanocrystals (∼100 nm) are synthesized by a one-step solvothermal strategy.

Novel SERCA2 inhibitor Diphyllin displays anti-tumor effect in non-small cell lung cancer by promoting endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial dysfunction.

Abnormal calcium signaling is associated with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) malignant progression, poor survival and chemotherapy resistance. Targeting endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca channels or pumps to block calcium uptake in the ER induces ER stress and concomitantly promotes mitochondrial calcium uptake, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and ultimately inducing cell death. Here, we identified Diphyllin was a potential specific inhibitor of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) calcium-importing protein sarco/endoplasmic-reticulum Ca ATPase 2 (SERCA2).

CRISPR/Cas-based CAR-T cells: production and application.

Chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy has revolutionized the treatment approach for cancer, autoimmune disease, and heart disease. The integration of CAR into T cells is typically facilitated by retroviral or lentiviral vectors. However, the random insertion of CARs can lead to issues like clonal expansion, oncogenic transformation, variegated transgene expression, and transcriptional silencing.

Integrated analysis reveals critical cisplatin-resistance regulators E2F7 contributed to tumor progression and metastasis in lung adenocarcinoma.

Background: Drug resistance poses a significant challenge in cancer treatment, particularly as a leading cause of therapy failure. Cisplatin, the primary drug for lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) chemotherapy, shows effective treatment outcomes. However, the development of resistance against cisplatin is a major obstacle.

A novel neutrophil extracellular traps-related lncRNA signature predicts prognosis in patients with early-stage lung adenocarcinoma.

Background: Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) could entrap tumour cells and promote their dissemination and metastasis. Further analysis of NETs-related molecules is expected to provide a new strategy for prognosis prediction and treatment of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients.

Methods: The model construction was established through co-expression analysis, Lasso Cox regression, univariate and multivariate COX regression, Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway.

PDZ and LIM Domain-Encoding Genes: Their Role in Cancer Development.

PDZ-LIM family proteins (PDLIMs) are a kind of scaffolding proteins that contain PDZ and LIM interaction domains. As protein-protein interacting molecules, PDZ and LIM domains function as scaffolds to bind to a variety of proteins. The PDLIMs are composed of evolutionarily conserved proteins found throughout different species.

Identification of m7G-Related miRNA Signatures Associated with Prognosis, Oxidative Stress, and Immune Landscape in Lung Adenocarcinoma.

The role of N7-methylguanosine(m7G)-related miRNAs in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains unclear. We used LUAD data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to establish a risk model based on the m7G-related miRNAs, and divided patients into high-risk or low-risk subgroups. A nomogram for predicting overall survival (OS) was then constructed based on the independent risk factors.

Cinchonine exerts anti-tumor and immunotherapy sensitizing effects in lung cancer by impairing autophagic-lysosomal degradation.

Currently, there are several treatments approaches available for lung cancer; however, patients who develop drug resistance or have poor survival rates urgently require new therapeutic strategies for lung cancer. In autophagy, damaged proteins or organelles are enclosed within autophagic vesicles with a bilayer membrane structure and transported to the lysosomes for degradation and recirculation. Autophagy is a crucial pathway involved in the clearance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and damaged mitochondria.

The Prognostic Value and Potential Mechanism of Tumor-Nutrition-Inflammation Index and Genes in Patients with Advanced Lung Cancer.

Background: Lung cancer (LC) has the highest mortality rate all over the world. It is necessary to search for novel potential biomarkers that are easily accessible and inexpensive in identifying patients with LC at early stage.

Methods: A total of 195 patients with advanced LC who have received first-line chemotherapy were involved in this study.

Circulating insulin-like growth factor-1 and risk of lung diseases: A Mendelian randomization analysis.

Background: Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) display a vital role in in the pathogenesis of lung diseases, however, the relationship between circulating IGF-1 and lung disease remains unclear.

Methods: Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with the serum levels of IGF-1 and the outcomes data of lung diseases including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung cancer and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) were screened from the public genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was then performed to assess the independent impact of IGF-1 exposure on these lung diseases.

Recent advances of nanomaterial-based anti-angiogenic therapy in tumor vascular normalization and immunotherapy.

Anti-angiogenesis therapy and immunotherapy are the first-line therapeutic strategies for various tumor treatments in the clinic, bringing significant advantages for tumor patients. Recent studies have shown that anti-angiogenic therapy can potentiate immunotherapy, with many clinical trials conducted based on the combination of anti-angiogenic agents and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). However, currently available clinical dosing strategies and tools are limited, emphasizing the need for more improvements.

TKI resistant-based prognostic immune related gene signature in LUAD, in which FSCN1 contributes to tumor progression.

Drug resistance reflects the evolution of tumors, which is the main cause of recurrence and death. Currently, EGFR-TKI treatment is the first-line therapy for lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients. Although EGFR-TKI achieved good effects at the beginning, most of the LUAD patients eventually acquired resistance.

Endothelial deletion of SHP2 suppresses tumor angiogenesis and promotes vascular normalization.

SHP2 mediates the activities of multiple receptor tyrosine kinase signaling and its function in endothelial processes has been explored extensively. However, genetic studies on the role of SHP2 in tumor angiogenesis have not been conducted. Here, we show that SHP2 is activated in tumor endothelia.

Gremlin2 Activates Fibroblasts to Promote Pulmonary Fibrosis Through the Bone Morphogenic Protein Pathway.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive lung disease causing unremitting extracellular matrix deposition. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily involves bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and TGF-β, and the balance between the activation of TGF-β-dependent SMADs (Smad2/3) and BMP-dependent SMADs (Smad1/5/8) is essential for fibrosis process. , initially identified as a TGF-β-inducible gene, encodes a small secreted glycoprotein belonging to a group of matricellular proteins, its role in lung fibrosis is not clear.

Enhancing the Cycling Stability by Tuning the Chemical Bonding between Phosphorus and Carbon Nanotubes for Potassium-Ion Battery Anodes.

Phosphorus/carbon (P/C) composites as promising potassium-ion storage materials have been extensively investigated for its compound superiorities of high specific capacity and favorable electronic conductivity. However, the effects of different chemical bonding states between P and the carbon matrix for potassium-ion storage and cycling performance still need to be investigated. Herein, three P/C composites with different chemical bonding states were successfully fabricated through simply ball-milling red P with carboxylic group carbon nanotubes (CGCNTs), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and reduced carboxylic group carbon nanotubes (RCGCNTs), respectively.

PDLIM5 inhibits STUB1-mediated degradation of SMAD3 and promotes the migration and invasion of lung cancer cells.

Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signaling plays an important role in regulating tumor malignancy, including in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The major biological responses of TGFβ signaling are determined by the effector proteins SMAD2 and SMAD3. However, the regulators of TGFβ-SMAD signaling are not completely revealed yet.

Identification and validation of the angiogenic genes for constructing diagnostic, prognostic, and recurrence models for hepatocellular carcinoma.

Since angiogenesis has an indispensable effect in the development and progression of tumors, in this study we aimed to identify angiogenic genes closely associated with prognosis of HCC to establish diagnostic, prognostic, and recurrence models. We analyzed 132 angiogenic genes and HCC-related RNA sequence data from the TCGA and ICGC databases by Cox and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression, and identified four angiogenic genes (ENFA3, EGF, MMP3 and AURKB) to establish prognosis, recurrence and diagnostic models and corresponding nomograms. The prognostic and recurrence models were determined to be independent predictors of prognosis and recurrence (P < 0.

Endothelial Scaffolding Protein ENH (Enigma Homolog Protein) Promotes PHLPP2 (Pleckstrin Homology Domain and Leucine-Rich Repeat Protein Phosphatase 2)-Mediated Dephosphorylation of AKT1 and eNOS (Endothelial NO Synthase) Promoting Vascular Remodeling.

Objective: A decrease in nitric oxide, leading to vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, is a common pathological feature of vascular proliferative diseases. Nitric oxide synthesis by eNOS (endothelial nitric oxide synthase) is precisely regulated by protein kinases including AKT1. ENH (enigma homolog protein) is a scaffolding protein for multiple protein kinases, but whether it regulates eNOS activation and vascular remodeling remains unknown.

Scalable Synthesis Nano-Perovskite K(MnNi)F Cathode by Homogeneous Precipitation Method for Potassium-Ion Batteries.

Potassium-ion batteries (KIBs) are favored by researchers because of the unique advantages. In this work, KIB cathode material nano-perovskite K(MnNi)F with concentration gradient was synthesized by EDTA-assisted homogeneous precipitation method for the first time and characterized. The solid solution material was deposited on the multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) to form K(MnNi)F/MWCNT nanocomposites to improve the electron conductivity of the electrode material so as to obtain the excellent electrochemical performance.

SHP2 protects endothelial cell barrier through suppressing VE-cadherin internalization regulated by MET-ARF1.

Vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin junctional localization is known to play a central role in vascular development, endothelial barrier integrity, and homeostasis. The sarcoma homology domain containing protein tyrosine phosphatase (SHP)2 has been shown to be involved in regulating endothelial barrier function; however, the mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this work SHP2 knockdown in an HUVEC monolayer increased VE-cadherin internalization and endothelial barrier permeability.