Comprehensive Screening and Validation of Stable Internal Reference Genes for Accurate qRT-PCR Analysis in under Diverse Biological Conditions and Environmental Stresses.

is among the world's most destructive pests. For accurate qPCR and gene expression studies, the selection of stable and appropriate reference genes is crucial. However, a thorough evaluation of potential reference genes for use in research is lacking.

Fine structure of the compound eyes of the crepuscular moth (Busck 1916) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae).

Morphological organization, ultrastructure and adaptational changes under different light intensities (10000, 100, 1, and 0.01 mW/m) of the compound eye of the oriental fruit moth (Busck 1916) were investigated. Its superposition type of eyes consist of approximately 1072 ommatidia in males and 1029 ommatidia in females with ommatidial diameters of around 15 μm.

Identification of Potential Gene Targets for Suppressing Oviposition in Using Comparative Transcriptome Analysis.

is an important plant pest. Comparative feeding experiments showed that the egg production, oviposition duration and survival rate of beetles were significantly higher when they fed on elm leaves than when they fed on willow or purpus privet leaves. RNA sequencing was used to determine transcriptomic changes associated with oviposition.

The effects of circularly polarized light on mating behavior and gene expression in (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae).

Light is an important abiotic factor affecting insect behavior. In nature, linearly polarized light is common, but circularly polarized light is rare. Left circularly polarized (LCP) light is selectively reflected by the exocuticle of most scarab beetles, including .

Population dynamics of migrant wheat aphids in China's main wheat production region and their interactions with bacterial symbionts.

, , and are the three main pests in Chinese wheat-producing regions. In 2020, they are classified into the Chinese Class I list of agricultural diseases and pests, due to their severe harm to wheat plantings. , , and are migrant pests, and understanding their migration patterns and simulating their migration trajectories would improve forecasting and controlling them.

A chromosome-level genome assembly of the orange wheat blossom midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana Géhin (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) provides insights into the evolution of a detoxification system.

The orange wheat blossom midge Sitodiplosis mosellana Géhin (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), an economically important pest, has caused serious yield losses in most wheat-growing areas worldwide in the past half-century. A high-quality chromosome-level genome for S. mosellana was assembled using PacBio long read, Illumina short read, and Hi-C sequencing technologies.

Low Barometric Pressure Enhances Tethered-Flight Performance and Reproductive of the Oriental Armyworm, Mythimna separata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).

Barometric pressure is an important factor influencing several insect traits. Most studies have been conducted on the behavior of insects in relation to rapid and slight changes in pressure magnitudes or short-term pressure trends, but there is little information on the effect of long-term and large pressure variations on insect traits. Here, we assessed the effects of static low barometric pressure on the tethered flight, lifespan and reproductive performance of Mythimna separata (Walker), a long-distance migratory insect, using an apparatus simulating low barometric pressure at altitudes of 500 m above sea level.

Climate factors associated with the population dynamics of Sitodiplosis mosellana (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in central China.

Understanding the impacts of climate on insect pest population dynamics is crucial in forecasting pest outbreaks and developing a sustainable pest management strategy. The orange wheat blossom midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana (Géhin), is a chronic winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) pest in China, and its population density can strongly fluctuate.

Dynamics of soil nitrogen fractions and their relationship with soil microbial communities in two forest species of northern China.

Microbially-mediated soil N mineralization and transformation are crucial to plant growth. However, changes in soil microbial groups and various N components are not clearly understood. To explore the relationship between soil N components and microbial communities, we conducted an in-situ experiment on two typically planted forest species, namely, Sibirica Apricot (SA) and Prunus davidiana Franch (PdF) by using closed-top polyvinyl chloride tubes.

Transcriptome analysis of molecular mechanisms responsible for light-stress response in Mythimna separata (Walker).

Light is an important environmental signal for most insects. The Oriental Armyworm, Mythimna separata, is a serious pest of cereal crops worldwide, and is highly sensitive to light signals during its developmental and reproductive stages. However, molecular biological studies of its response to light stress are scarce, and related genomic information is not available.

The genetic diversity of SMLS (Sitobion miscanthi L type symbiont) and its effect on the fitness, mitochondrial DNA diversity and Buchnera aphidicola dynamic of wheat aphid, Sitobion miscanthi (Hemiptera: Aphididae).

SMLS (Sitobion miscanthi L type symbiont) is a recently discovered aphid secondary symbiont. Using evidence extracted from 16S rRNA sequences, previous studies indicate that SMLS is the most widely distributed and most recently transferred secondary symbiont in Chinese Sitobion miscanthi populations. Here, we further investigated genetic diversity among SMLS geographic strains with multiloci data.

[Characteristics and Coupling Relationship of Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Transformation During In-situ Mineralization Cultivation in Forestlands in the Mountain Area of Southern Ningxia].

The study aimed to investigate the characteristics and relationship between soil carbon and nitrogen transformation of artificial forestlands, which is one type of vegetation restoration in the mountain area of Southern Ningxia. Soil samples were collected every two months in a year from three forestlands, and the characteristics of soil organic carbon, dissolved carbon, microbial biomass carbon, organic nitrogen, inorganic nitrogen, soil ammonification, nitrification and mineralization rates, microbial immobilization rates and coupling of soil carbon and nitrogen were studied by the in-situ closed-top PVC tube incubation methods. The results showed that: in the process of in-situ incubation, the most obvious changes of carbon and nitrogen were in 61-120 days which was mainly affected by soil moisture; There were significantly positive correlations between the soil organic carbon and the total nitrogen, microbial biomass carbon and microbial biomass nitrogen, dissolved carbon and dissolved nitrogen; Transformation rates of soil organic carbon had significant effects on the soil ammonification, nitrification and microbial immobilization rates.

[Variation of soil nitrogen during in situ mineralization process under different grasslands in the mountainous area of southern Ningxia, Northwest China].

Variations in organic nitrogen, microbial biomass nitrogen, soluble organic nitrogen, NH4(+) -N, NO3(-) -N, NO2(-) -N and N mineralization were investigated under three different grasslands in the mountainous area of southern Ningxia, Northwest China (natural grassland, artificial turf and abandoned land) using the close-top tube incubation method. Microbial biomass nitrogen, soluble organic nitrogen, NH4(+)-N, NO3(-)-N, NO2(-)-N and N mineralization exhibited significant seasonal variations. The nitrogen levels remained essentially unchanged from April to June, significantly decreased in July-August, rebounded after August, and were lowest in August.

Identification and expression profile analysis of putative odorant-binding proteins in Sitodiplosis mosellana (Gehin) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae).

Odorant binding proteins (OBPs) contribute to the remarkable sensitivity of the insect's olfactory system and play important roles in the olfactory recognition. The orange blossom midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana is a cereal specialist, and utilizes pheromone and host odorant as a cue for its mating and oviposition. However, OBP genes have not been largely identified in S.

Genetic diversity and population structure of Sitodiplosis mosellana in Northern China.

The wheat midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana, is an important pest in Northern China. We tested the hypothesis that the population structure of this species arises during a range expansion over the past 30 years. This study used microsatellite and mitochondrial loci to conduct population genetic analysis of S.

Flight performance of the orange wheat blossom midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae).

The orange wheat blossom midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana (Géhin) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), is a chronic wheat pest worldwide. Adult S. mosellana engage in short-distance flight, but also exploit weather patterns for long-distance dispersal.

[Effects of different aspects on soil microbial biomass and dissolved organic carbon of the loess hilly area].

Soil samples from different aspects (southern slope and northern slope) under the same vegetation in two typical vegetation zones (forest vegetation zone and steppe vegetation zone) of Yanhe basin in the loess hilly area were chosen and analyzed, in order to investigate the content and correlation of soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC), soil microbial biomass nitrogen (SMBN), soil microbial biomass phosphorus (SMBP) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). The results show that, in 0-10 cm soil layer of forest vegetation zone, SMBC in southern slope and northern slope are 532.1-792.

Global transcriptome analysis of orange wheat blossom midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana (Gehin) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) to identify candidate transcripts regulating diapause.

Background: Many insects enter a developmental arrest (diapause) that allows them to survive harsh seasonal conditions. Despite the well-established ecological significance of diapause, the molecular basis of this crucial adaptation remains largely unresolved. Sitodiplosis mosellana (Gehin), the orange wheat blossom midge (OWBM), causes serious damage to wheat throughout the northern hemisphere, and sporadic outbreaks occur in the world.

Sub-lethal effects of four neonicotinoid seed treatments on the demography and feeding behaviour of the wheat aphid Sitobion avenae.

Background: Neonicotinoids are widely used as seed treatments in wheat fields against the grain aphid (Sitobion avenae F.) in China. Due to the degradation of neonicotinoids in wheat plants, wheat aphids are more likely to be exposed to low concentrations of neonicotinoids over long periods.

[Spatial pattern of Sitodiplosis mosellana and its egg parasitoids mixed population].

Geostatistis methods were adopted to analyze the spatial pattern of Sitodiplosis mosellana (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) at its different development periods and of its egg parasitoids mixed population (Tetrastichus sp. and Platygaster error; Hymoneptera: Eulophidae and Platygastridae). The aggregated spatial arrangements for S.