Cognitive impairment mediates the white matter injury load and gait disorders in subcortical ischemic vascular disease.

Gait disorders are common in patients with subcortical ischemic vascular disease (SIVD). We aim to explore the impact of white matter (WM) damage on gait disorders in SIVD. 21 SIVD patients and 20 normal controls (NC) were included in the study.

Dual-task turn velocity - a novel digital biomarker for mild cognitive impairment and dementia.

Background: Disorders associated with cognitive impairment impose a significant burden on both families and society. Previous studies have indicated that gait characteristics under dual-task as reliable markers of early cognitive impairment. Therefore, digital gait detection has great potential for future cognitive screening.

Linear brain measurement: a new screening method for cognitive impairment in elderly patients with cerebral small vessel disease.

Background: The old adults have high incidence of cognitive impairment, especially in patients with cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). Cognitive impairment is not easy to be detected in such populations. We aimed to develop clinical prediction models for different degrees of cognitive impairments in elderly CSVD patients based on conventional imaging and clinical data to determine the better indicators for assessing cognitive function in the CSVD elderly.

Increased cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase drives neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease.

Background: Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is not only a response to pathophysiological events, but also plays a causative role in neurodegeneration. Cytoplasmic cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase (CARS) is considered to be a stimulant for immune responses to diseases; however, it remains unknown whether CARS is involved in the pathogenesis of AD.

Methods: Postmortem human temporal cortical tissues at different Braak stages and AD patient-derived serum samples were used to investigate the changes of CARS levels in AD by immunocytochemical staining, real-time PCR, western blotting and ELISA.

Development of a P-tau217 Electrochemiluminescent Immunosensor Reinforced with Au-Cu Nanoparticles for Alzheimer's Disease Precaution.

To simply and rapidly detect the highly phosphorylated tau protein at threonine 217 (p-tau217) as a precautionary measure against Alzheimer's disease and distinguish it from other neurodegenerative diseases, a novel immunosensor was prepared using luminol as the electrochemiluminescent (ECL) sensing probe reinforced by Au-Cu nanoparticles (Au-Cu NPs). The Au-Cu alloy NPs were prepared via a co-reduction reaction, exhibiting excellent conductivity and catalytic activity. These properties remarkably enhanced the ECL of luminol, providing a suitable background for the sensing response.

Alzheimer's disease knowledge of nursing staff in East China: A latent profile analysis.

Aim: The dementia population is expanding fast globally, posing a huge challenge to the healthcare system. Improving the level of Alzheimer's disease knowledge (ADK) in nursing staff is the key to providing quality dementia care and improving the patients' quality of life. This study aimed to investigate and classify the ADK level of nursing staff in East China and to identify the factors influencing the nursing staff's ADK level.

Altered static and dynamic indices of intrinsic brain activity in patients with subcortical ischemic vascular disease: a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging analysis.

Purpose: To explore the static and dynamic characteristics of intrinsic brain activity (IBA) in subcortical ischemic vascular disease (SIVD) patients with or without cognitive impairment.

Methods: In total, 90 participants were recruited, including 32 SIVD patients with cognitive impairment (SIVD-CI, N = 32), 26 SIVD patients with no cognitive impairment (SIVD-NCI, N = 26), and 32 healthy controls (HC, N = 32) matched for age, gender, and education. All subjects underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) scanning and neuropsychological tests.

A novel digital biomarker of sarcopenia in frail elderly: New combination of gait parameters under dual-task walking.

Background: Frailty caused by deterioration in multiple physiological systems has led to a significant increase in adverse events such as falls, disability, and death in frail older people. Similar to frailty, sarcopenia, defined as loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength, is tightly related to mobility disorders, falls, and fractures. With population aging, co-occurrences of frailty and sarcopenia are increasingly common in the elderly, which are more deleterious for the health and independence of older adults.

Direct deamidation analysis of intact adeno-associated virus serotype 9 capsid proteins using reversed-phase liquid chromatography.

Recombinant adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors have taken center stage as gene delivery vehicles for gene therapy. Asparagine deamidation of AAV capsid proteins has been reported to reduce vector stability and potency of AAV gene therapy products. Deamidation of asparagine residue is a common post-translational modification of proteins that is detected and quantified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based peptide mapping.

Effect of Energy Utilization and Economic Growth on the Ecological Environment in the Yellow River Basin.

In the 21st century, problems relating to energy, economy, and the environment have become increasingly severe across the world, and critical issues around environmental pollution, ecological imbalance, and an energy crisis have emerged. The Yellow River basin is an important ecological barrier, economic region, and energy base in Northern China. Environmental pollution in the Yellow River basin has become increasingly problematic, especially since the reform and opening up of China, along with the rapid development of the industrial economy and mining for energy resources.

Assembled Photonic Crystal/Gold Nanoparticle Interface: A Dual Amplifying Electrochemiluminescent Aptasensor for the Ultrasensitive Detection of an Amyloid-β Monomer.

Amyloid-β (Aβ) protein is considered to be a key biomarker that is closely associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The level of Aβ, particularly its subtle fluctuation, indicates early neuropathological changes, which poses a considerable challenge in predicting AD, considering the detection limit of sensing technologies. Herein, a new label-free sensor based on luminol electrochemiluminescence (ECL) was proposed by developing a close-packed monolayered-SiO array with gold (Au) nanoparticles (NPs) entrapped in their gaps as the basal electrode.

The mean diffusivity of forceps minor is useful to distinguish amnestic mild cognitive impairment from mild cognitive impairment caused by cerebral small vessel disease.

Objectives: In recent years, the desire to make a more fine-grained identification on mild cognitive impairment (MCI) has become apparent, the etiological diagnosis of MCI in particular. Nevertheless, new methods for the etiological diagnosis of MCI are currently insufficient. The objective of this study was to establish discriminative measures for amnestic mild cognitive impairment (a-MCI) and MCI caused by cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD).

Sample Preparation Matters for Peptide Mapping to Evaluate Deamidation of Adeno-Associated Virus Capsid Proteins Using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry.

Adeno-associated viral capsid proteins (AAV VP) are the major components that determine the tissue specificity and immunogenicity, and transduction performance of the vector. It was reported that asparagine deamidation of AAV capsid proteins leads to charge variants/heterogeneity and altered vector function, reduction of stability, and potency of AAV gene therapy products. Deamidation of asparagine residue is a common post-translational modification of proteins and is mostly detected and quantified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based peptide mapping.

Better Screening Value of Sylvian Fissure Ratio on Cognitive Decline Among Female Compared to Male: An Observational Study in Elderly Patients With Cerebral Small Vessel Disease in Soochow.

Cognitive decline (CD) occurs frequently in elderly patients with cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). In China, elderly patients are more likely to enter healthcare in community hospitals where no magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is available. This study aimed to explore the screening value of Sylvian fissure ratio (SFR) on CD and compare its gender difference from community-transferred patients.

White Matter Structural Network Analysis to Differentiate Alzheimer's Disease and Subcortical Ischemic Vascular Dementia.

To explore the evaluation of white matter structural network analysis in the differentiation of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and subcortical ischemic vascular dementia (SIVD), 67 participants [31 AD patients, 19 SIVD patients, and 19 normal control (NC)] were enrolled in this study. Each participant underwent 3.0T MRI scanning.

Determination of β-amyloid oligomer using electrochemiluminescent aptasensor with signal enhancement by AuNP/MOF nanocomposite.

In order to effectively and conveniently detect the β-amyloid oligomer (AβO) for earlier diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), a disposable aptamer biosensor has been developed with high performance, facile operation, and low cost. Using a nanocomposite by in situ reduction of chloroauric acid to decorate Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) on Fe-MIL-88NH material via Au-N bond to effectively enhance the electrochemiluminescence (ECL) of luminol, the functioned basal electrode provides adequate background for sensing response. When the aptamer is linked via Au-S bond on the surface, the sensor gets the ability of specific recognition and coalescence toward the target (AβO).

Measuring Regional Eco-Efficiency in China (2003-2016): A "Full World" Perspective and Network Data Envelopment Analysis.

Eco-efficiency enhancement is an inherent requirement of green development and an important indicator of high-quality development in general. It aims to achieve the coordinated development of nature, the economy, and society. Therefore, eco-efficiency measurements should focus on not only total factor input, but also process analysis.

Bex1 attenuates neuronal apoptosis in rat intracerebral hemorrhage model.

Brain expressed x-linked gene 1 (Bex1) which is at high levels in several populations of central nervous system (CNS) neurons, belongs to a family of small proteins of unknown function, playing roles as adaptors or modulators of intracellular signaling pathways. But its distribution and function in CNS remains unclear. Neuronal apoptosis is the major pathogenesis in secondary brain injury of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH).

Holliday junction-recognizing protein promotes cell proliferation and correlates with unfavorable clinical outcome of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Aim: To investigate the expression and clinical significance of Holliday junction-recognizing protein (HJURP) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods: In this study, we detected the expression of HJURP protein in samples of 164 patients with HCC, and based on this, we divided the patients into two cohorts: high expression of HJURP and low expression of HJURP. We analyzed the correlation between HJURP expression and the clinicopathological factors using chi-square test.

In-line separation by capillary electrophoresis prior to analysis by top-down mass spectrometry enables sensitive characterization of protein complexes.

Intact protein analysis via top-down mass spectrometry (MS) provides a bird's eye view over the protein complexes and complex protein mixtures with the unique capability of characterizing protein variants, splice isoforms, and combinatorial post-translational modifications (PTMs). Here we applied capillary electrophoresis (CE) through a sheathless CE-electrospray ionization interface coupled to an LTQ Velos Orbitrap Elite mass spectrometer to analyze the Dam1 complex from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We achieved a 100-fold increase in sensitivity compared to a reversed-phase liquid chromatography coupled MS analysis of recombinant Dam1 complex with a total loading of 2.

Rapid diversification of five Oryza AA genomes associated with rice adaptation.

Comparative genomic analyses among closely related species can greatly enhance our understanding of plant gene and genome evolution. We report de novo-assembled AA-genome sequences for Oryza nivara, Oryza glaberrima, Oryza barthii, Oryza glumaepatula, and Oryza meridionalis. Our analyses reveal massive levels of genomic structural variation, including segmental duplication and rapid gene family turnover, with particularly high instability in defense-related genes.

Sheathless capillary electrophoresis-tandem mass spectrometry for top-down characterization of Pyrococcus furiosus proteins on a proteome scale.

Intact protein analysis via top-down mass spectrometry (MS) provides the unique capability of fully characterizing protein isoforms and combinatorial post-translational modifications (PTMs) compared to the bottom-up MS approach. Front-end protein separation poses a challenge for analyzing complex mixtures of intact proteins on a proteomic scale. Here we applied capillary electrophoresis (CE) through a sheathless capillary electrophoresis-electrospray ionization (CESI) interface coupled to an Orbitrap Elite mass spectrometer to profile the proteome from Pyrococcus furiosus.

A microtubule-associated zinc finger protein, BuGZ, regulates mitotic chromosome alignment by ensuring Bub3 stability and kinetochore targeting.

Equal chromosome segregation requires proper assembly of many proteins, including Bub3, onto kinetochores to promote kinetochore-microtubule interactions. By screening for mitotic regulators in the spindle envelope and matrix (Spemix), we identify a conserved Bub3 interacting and GLE-2-binding sequence (GLEBS) containing ZNF207 (BuGZ) that associates with spindle microtubules and regulates chromosome alignment. Using its conserved GLEBS, BuGZ directly binds and stabilizes Bub3.

Characterization, design, and function of the mitochondrial proteome: from organs to organisms.

Mitochondria are a common energy source for organs and organisms; their diverse functions are specialized according to the unique phenotypes of their hosting environment. Perturbation of mitochondrial homeostasis accompanies significant pathological phenotypes. However, the connections between mitochondrial proteome properties and function remain to be experimentally established on a systematic level.