Programmed Cell Death Tunes Periodontitis.

Objective: To review current knowledge of the various processes of programmed cell death and their roles in immunoregulation in periodontitis.

Methods: Relevant literature in the PubMed, Medline, and Scopus databases was searched, and a narrative review was performed. Programmed cell death and the regulation of its various pathways implicated in periodontal infection were reviewed.

A Novel lncRNA Mediates the Delayed Tooth Eruption of Cleidocranial Dysplasia.

Delayed eruption of permanent teeth is a common symptom of cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD). Previous studies have focused on the anomaly of osteogenesis resulting from mutations in the Runt-related transcription factor-2 gene (RUNX2). However, deficiencies in osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption, and the epigenetic regulation mediated by long non-coding (lnc)RNAs in CCD remain to be elucidated.

Multiple roles of Runt-related transcription factor-2 in tooth eruption: bone formation and resorption.

Objective: The aim was to provide a comprehensive review of the current knowledge of the multiple roles of Runt-related transcription factor-2 (RUNX2) in regulating tooth eruption, focusing on the molecular mechanisms regarding tooth eruption mediated by RUNX2.

Design: Relevant literatures in PubMed, Medline, and Scopus database were searched, and a narrative review was performed. The multiple roles of RUNX2 in regulating tooth eruption was reviewed and discussed.

New Function of RUNX2 in Regulating Osteoclast Differentiation via the AKT/NFATc1/CTSK Axis.

Cleidocranial dysplasia is an autosomal dominant skeletal disorder resulting from RUNX2 mutations. The influence of RUNX2 mutations on osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption have not been reported. To investigate the role of RUNX2 in osteoclast, RUNX2 expression in macrophages (RAW 264.

[Advances in macrophage function and its anti-inflammatory and proresolving activity and role in periodontitis development].

Macrophage plays an important role in human innate immune system. It has powerful functions, such as recognition, phagocytosis, and bacteria and foreign body removal. Periodontitis, which is a chronic infectious disease characterized by gum inflammation and bone loss, is a major cause of tooth loss in adults.

Enhanced activity of macrophage M1/M2 phenotypes in periodontitis.

Objective: Monocytes/macrophages play a key role in mobilizing host defense against microbial infection. The selectivity of gene expression can turn macrophages into M1- or M2-type and the plasticity and differentiation of both M1 and M2 macrophages may play important roles in the development of periodontal disease. Our research aimed to study the association between the ratio of M1/M2 macrophage and inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, MMP-9, and investigate the expressions of M1-and M2-type macrophages in gingivitis and chronic periodontitis.

A review of the literature: antibiotic usage and its relevance to the infection in periodontal flaps.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the systemic antibiotic usage in the perioperative period of periodontal flaps and its relevance to the infection after surgeries through reviewing the papers of the last decade.

Materials And Methods: A search was conducted for the studies of randomized clinical trials between 2005 and 2014 that reported periodontal flaps in chronic periodontitis patients. Data were extracted and the rate of the systemic antibiotic use, the infection rate after surgeries and the number needed to treat (NNT) to prevent one infected case were calculated.