Construct validity of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test-64 in patients with stroke.

This study examined the factor structure and contrasted-group validity of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test-64 (WCST-64) in a stroke sample (n = 112). Confirmatory factor analyses were used to compare five different models suggested by prior factor analyses. The results indicated that the WCST-64 was best represented by a three-dimensional model comprising response inflexibility (factor 1), ineffective hypothesis-testing strategy (factor 2), and set maintenance (factor 3).

Neuropsychological impairment after hemorrhagic stroke in basal ganglia.

We aimed to determine the severity and pattern of cognitive dysfunction in patients with basal ganglia (BG) hemorrhage within the first 6 months after stroke and to identify its clinical correlates. The study samples consisted of 30 patients with BG hemorrhage and 37 healthy controls. A comprehensive neuropsychological battery including tests of attention, memory, language, visuospatial function, and executive function was administered to all participants.