Recurrent Fetal Anophthalmia Caused by retinoids acid gene 6 mutations: Correlation between prenatal ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging, and pathology.

Objective: Anophthalmia is an extreme form on the spectrum of anophthalmia-microphthalmia (A/M) syndrome. Most articles define fetal microphthalmia by an ocular diameter (OD) less than fifth percentile. Diagnosis of fetal microphthalmia using only orbital measurements such as interocular distance (IOD), and OD may neglect the presence or morphology of the fetal lens, hence failing to identify abnormalities of the fetal globe.

Prenatal ultrasonography and postnatal follow-up of a case of McKusick-Kaufman syndrome.

Objective: McKusick-Kaufman syndrome (MKS) is a rare autosomal recessive syndrome characterized by hydrometrocolpos (HMC) and postaxial polydactyly (PAP). It is very difficult to diagnose MKS prenatally because of overlapping manifestations and associated anomalies with other syndromes. Herein, we present a case of MKS with prenatal ultrasound illustrating a fetal abdominal cystic mass.

Prenatal sonographic diagnosis of single umbilical artery: Emphasis on the absent side and its relation to associated anomalies.

Objective: To determine the absent side of a single umbilical artery (SUA) and to evaluate whether associated anomalies are related to the side of the missing artery in a Taiwanese population.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively studied SUA fetuses from our computer database of fetal ultrasound in a tertiary medical center in Southern Taiwan. All cases were diagnosed as SUA prenatally using conventional scanners of two- and three-dimensional (2D and 3D, respectively) ultrasound, as well as color, power, and high-definition Doppler.

Prenatal diagnosis of fetal omphalocele by ultrasound: a comparison of two centuries.

Unlabelled: An omphalocele, a fetal abdominal defect, is a very important congenital anomaly. Prenatal diagnosis of fetal omphalocele is crucial to clinical management.

Objective: To investigate the accuracy of prenatal diagnosis for fetal omphalocele, we undertook a retrospective and consecutive analysis of our ultrasound database between January 1994 and December 2011.

Prenatal diagnosis of fetal gastroschisis using three-dimensional ultrasound: comparison between the 20th and 21st centuries.

Objective: In order to compare the trends and improvements of prenatal diagnosis of gastroschisis, we herein retrospectively reviewed our cases of fetal gastroschisis detected by three-dimensional ultrasound (3D US) between the two centuries.

Materials And Methods: We reviewed our computer database of prenatal diagnosis on gastroschisis in National Cheng Kung University Hospital from October 1994 to November 2011. All the fetuses were initially scanned by two-dimensional (2D) US to locate the region of interest (ROI).

Prenatal diagnosis of fetal congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung using three-dimensional ultrasound: comparison between the 20th and 21st centuries.

Objective: Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung (CCAML) is one of the most common lung lesions diagnosed prenatally. In order to compare the trends and improvements of prenatal diagnosis of CCAML, we herein retrospectively reviewed our cases of fetal CCAML detected by three-dimensional ultrasound (3-D US) between two centuries.

Materials And Methods: We reviewed our computer database of prenatal diagnosis of CCAML in National Cheng Kung University Hospital from October 1994 to November 2011.

Using Akaike information criterion and minimum mean square error mode in compensating for ultrasonographic errors for estimation of fetal weight by new operators.

Objectives: The accuracy of ultrasound (US) measurements is operator dependent. In order to decrease the operator-dependent errors in estimated fetal weight (EFW), a model selection analysis was undertaken to select significant compensation weighting factors on ultrasonographic parameters to support artificial neural network (ANN), and thus to enhance the accuracy of fetal weight estimation.

Materials And Methods: In total, 2127 singletons were examined by prenatal US within 3 days before delivery for ANN development, and another 100 cases were selected from new operators for evaluation.

Prenatal diagnosis of fetal multicystic dysplastic kidney in the era of three-dimensional ultrasound: 10-year experience.

Objective: To demonstrate the usefulness of three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound in prenatal diagnosis of fetal multicystic dysplastic kidney (MCDK) disease.

Methods: In our previous study, we demonstrated that using 3D ultrasound in conjunction with traditional two-dimensional (2D) ultrasound can facilitate the diagnosis of MCDK. In this study, we followed all the MCDK cases diagnosed in our center in the recent decade (from 2002 to 2011) and compared the results with the data collected in the prior decade (from 1995 to 2002).

Efficient fetal size classification combined with artificial neural network for estimation of fetal weight.

Objectives: A novel analysis was undertaken to select a significant ultrasonographic parameter (USP) for classifying fetuses to support artificial neural network (ANN), and thus to enhance the accuracy of fetal weight estimation.

Methods: In total, 2127 singletons were examined by prenatal ultrasound within 3 days before delivery. First, correlation analysis was used to determine a significant USP for fetal grouping.

Three-dimensional ultrasound in the prenatal diagnosis of osteogenesis imperfecta.

Objective: Fetal osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a heterogeneous group of collagen disorders characterized by bone fragility, blue sclerae, deafness, and dentinogenesis imperfecta. Ultrasonography is acknowledged as a reliable diagnostic modality for the prenatal diagnosis of OI, especially type II. In the past, two-dimensional (2D) ultrasound (US) has been applied as the mainstay of prenatal diagnosis of OI.

Glucosamine-induced insulin resistance in ovariectomized rats is relevant to decreasing the expression of glucose transport protein subtype 4 in the skeletal muscle and in increasing the size of pancreatic islets.

Objective: Glucosamine (GlcN) is a popular nutritional supplement used to treat osteoarthritis in postmenopausal women. Postmenopausal women are at higher risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome because of ovarian hormone deficiency. We used ovariectomized (OVX) rats as the model to investigate whether GlcN would induce insulin resistance (IR) in OVX rats and the underlying mechanisms.

Thanatophoric dysplasia: role of 3-dimensional sonography.

Purpose: Fetal thanatophoric dysplasia (TD) is a lethal skeletal dysplasia. Therefore, antenatal diagnosis of TD is mandatory in routine obstetrical care. However, because TD is relatively rare, prenatal detection is not an easy task.

Clinical suppression of precocious puberty with cetrorelix after failed treatment with GnRH agonist in a girl with gonadotrophin-independent precocious puberty.

This report presents the case of a 7-year-old girl with gonadotrophin-independent precocious puberty treated with cetrorelix [gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist] after poor response to GnRH agonist therapy was observed in the endocrinology outpatient clinic. Uterine and ovarian morphology returned to within the normal prepubertal range after GnRH antagonist was injected subcutaneously. Vaginal bleeding stopped completely.

Prenatal diagnosis of fetal acrania using three-dimensional ultrasound.

Fetal acrania is uniformly lethal and termination is suggested whenever the diagnosis is made. Traditionally, the diagnostic tool was 2-D ultrasound (US). In this series, we report our work of detecting acrania using 3-D US.

Effects of laparoscopic ovarian drilling on young adult women with polycystic ovarian syndrome.

Study Objective: To assess changes in serum hormone levels and ovarian stromal blood flow after laparoscopic ovarian drilling (LOD) in young adult women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Design: Prospective, nonrandomized study (Canadian Task Force classification II-1).

Setting: Tertiary care, major teaching hospitals.

Quantification of ovarian stromal Doppler signals in poor responders undergoing in vitro fertilization with three-dimensional power Doppler ultrasonography.

Objective: This was a prospective comparative clinical study to test the hypothesis that the decreased ovarian sensitivity to gonadotropins observed in women embarking on an in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment may be due to changes in ovarian stromal blood flow.

Study Design: Three-dimensional (3D) power Doppler ultrasonographic indexes were used to quantify ovarian stromal blood flow and vascularization in poor responders. Forty patients undergoing an IVF cycle were collected and divided into two groups, a poor responder group (n=17) (estradiol <600 pg/mL or < or =3 oocytes retrieved) and normal responder group (n=23), based on their response to a standard down-regulation protocol for controlled ovarian stimulation.

Quantification of ovarian Doppler signal in hyperresponders during in vitro fertilization treatment using three-dimensional power Doppler ultrasonography.

To test the hypothesis that the increased ovarian sensitivity to gonadotropins observed in women embarking on an in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment may be due to changes in ovarian stromal blood flow, we undertook this prospective comparative clinical study using three-dimensional (3-D) power Doppler ultrasound (US). The 3-D power Doppler ultrasonographic indexes were used to quantify ovarian stromal blood flow and vascularization in hyperresponders. A total of 58 patients undergoing an IVF cycle were recruited and divided into two groups, a hyperresponder group (n = 23) (peak estradiol > 3000 pg/mL or >/= 15 oocytes retrieved) and normal responders (n = 35), based on their response to a standard down-regulation protocol for controlled ovarian stimulation.

Quantification of ovarian stromal Doppler signals in postmenopausal women receiving hormone replacement therapy.

Objective: To investigate the effect of continuous-combined hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on ovarian circulation, we used three-dimensional power Doppler ultrasound to assess ovarian stromal blood flow in postmenopausal women.

Design: Forty healthy, postmenopausal women were enrolled in this prospective, controlled study. They were divided into two groups: the control group (20 patients with no HRT treatment) and the HRT group [initially 20 patients, but later 15 patients who completed the study, using continuous-combined conjugated equine estrogen (0.

Prenatal diagnosis of fetal multicystic dysplastic kidney with two-dimensional and three-dimensional ultrasound.

Fetal multicystic dysplastic kidney (MCDK) may have grave prognosis and prenatal diagnosis of MCDK by ultrasound (US) is very important. Traditionally, MCDK is diagnosed by 2-D US. Recently, 3-D US has emerged, and may overcome the weakness of 2-D US.

Prenatal depiction of cystic hygroma using three-dimensional ultrasound.

Prenatal diagnosis of fetal cystic hygroma is very important in clinical medicine. In this series, we report our work of detecting cystic hygroma using three-dimensional (3-D) ultrasound (US). We reviewed our computer database of prenatal diagnosis on cystic hygroma in National Cheng Kung University Hospital from May 1995 to June 2000.